THEE
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HISTORY
OF THE
WAR OF THE REBELLION.
(1861-65.)
A
PREPARED, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ACTS OF CONGRESS, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
Surgeon General JOSEPH K. BARNES, United Slates Army.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1870.
OTIS HISTORICAL ARCHIVES
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HEALTH AND MEDICINE
ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY
WAR DEPARTMENT,
Surgeon General's Office,
November 12, 1870. In the first year of the War it became evident that the form of Returns of Sick and Wounded, then in use, were insufficient and defective; and, on May 21,
1862, measures were taken by the then Surgeon General of the Army, Wm. A. Hammond, to secure more detailed and exact reports of sick and wounded, by important modifications in the returns from medical officers. On June 9, 1862, the intention to prepare for publication a Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion was announced to the Medical Staff, in a Circular from the Surgeon General's Office. On July 1 , 1 863, a Consolidated Statement of Gunshot Wounds, by Surgeon J. H. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers, then in charge of the Surgical Records, and Curator of the Army Medical Musuem ; and on September 8,
1863, a Report on Sickness and Mortality of the Army during the first year of the War, prepared by Assistant Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U. S. Army, in charge of the Medical Records, were published by this Office.
The necessity for a thorough revision of the Returns of Sick and Wounded becoming apparent, a Medical Board was assembled for this purpose, in July, 1862, and subsequently the following order was promulgated :
[CIRCULAR No. 25.] .
GENERAL ORDERS 1 WAR DEPARTMENT,
. Adjutant General's Office.
No. 355. Washington, November, 4, 1863.
Medical Directors of Armies in the field will forward, direct to the Surgeon General, at Washington, duplicates of their reports to their several Commanding Generals, of the killed and wounded, after every engagement. By order of the Secretary of War:
(Signed:) E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Surgeon General's Office,
Washington, D. G, Nov. 11, 1863. To carry out the intentions of the above order, Medical Directors of Armies in the field will detail suitable officers, who will, under their instructions, collate and prepare for transmission to this office, all obtainable statistics and data in connection with past and
IV PREFATORY.
future operations of those armies, which may be essential or useful in the accurate compilation of the Medical and Surgical History of the War.
Particular attention is called to the following points: The morale and sanitary condition of the troops; condition and amount of medical and hospital supplies, tents, ambulances, etc.: the points at or near the field where the wounded were attended to; degree of exposure of wounded to wet, cold, or heat; adequacy of supplies of water, food, stimulants, etc. ; mode of removal of wounded from field to field hospitals; to what general hospitals the wounded were transferred, by what means and where; the character and duration of tbe action, nature of wounds received, etc. When practicable, separate casualty lists will be made of commissioned officers, non-commissioned offers, and privates. The attention of all medical officers is earnestly directed to the importance of this subject; without their cooperation no reliable record can be preserved — the vast experience of the past will remain with individuals, and be lost to the service and the
country.
J. K. BARNES,
Medical Inspector General, Acting Surgeon General.
To facilitate the collection and preservation of all important information, medical officers serving with regiments in the field were furnished, in January, 1864, with a compact and portable Register of Sick and Wounded, and the following instructions were issued :
[CIRCULAR LETTER.]
Surgeon General's Office,
Washington, D. G., January 20, 1864.
The Register of Sick and Wounded hitherto in use in the U. S. A. General Hospitals is hereby discontinued. In lieu thereof will be substituted two Registers for each General Hospital, viz. :
1. A Register of Sick and Wounded.
2. A Register of Surgical Operations.
In the former the appropriate entries will be made whenever a patient is admitted into hospital, and during his subsequent stay therein ; and, to assist in the preparation of this Register, a new form of Bed-Cards has been adopted.
In the "Register of Surgical Operations," will be entered, minutely and in detail, the particulars of all operations performed, or treated in hospital. These entries should be made by the medical officers in charge of wards.
The above Registers and Bed-Cards are now in the hands of the Medical Purveyors, ready for issue, and you are directed to make immediate requisition for the same, adopting them as soon as received.
J. K. BARNES,
To the Surgeon-in-charge of — : ^ding Surgeon General
U. S. A. General Hospital.
PREFATORY. V
In February, 18G4, separate Reports were ordered to be made for Sick and Wounded Rebel Prisoners of War, and for White and Colored Troops, in order to obtain with greater facility the sickness and mortality rates of each.
A Classified Return of Wounds and Injuries received in Action, a Report of Wounded, and a Report of Surgical Operations, were adopted in March, 1864, and distributed with the following circulars :
[CIRCULAR LETTER.]
Surgeon General's Office,
Washington, D. C, March 23, 1864.
Medical Directors of Armies in the field will issue the "Classified Return of Wounds and Injuries received in Action," to the Chief Medical Officers of Corps and Divisions, who will see that they are properly distributed.
This form, correctly filled up by the Senior Medical Officer of the command engaged, will be transmitted, in duplicate, through the proper channel, to the Medical Director of the Army within three days after every action.
The Medical Director of the Army will, as soon as possible, forward to the Surgeon
General a Consolidated Return of all Casualties, according to the same form. He will, at
the same time, transmit one copy of all Duplicate Returns received from his subordinate
Medical Officers.
J. K. BARNES,
Acting Surgeon General.
[CIRCULAR LETTER.]
Surgeon General's Office,
Washington, B. 0., March 28, 1864. Sir:
You are hereby directed to fill up the accompanying " Report of Wounded " and " Report of Surgical Operations " for the months of January, February, and March, 1864.
The Report of Wounded will consist of an accurate and legible copy of all cases of wounded entered on the Hospital Register during the quarter.
The Report of Surgical Operations will consist of a correct copy of the Register of Surgical Operations for the same period.
A list of wounded remaining under treatment on the 31st December, 1863, in the hospital under your charge, and on furlough, is enclosed ; you are directed to fill up the column " Result and Date, ".opposite the respective names.
Additional details for the present quarter, of " Surgical Operations remaining under treatment December 31, 1863," you will report on appended slips of paper.
Blank sets of Reports on Secondary Haemorrhage, Tetanus, and Pyaemia, are also enclosed. These you will fill up in the usual manner. Should no such cases have occurred in the hospital under your charge during the time specified, you will so state in your letter of transmission.
VI PREFATORY.
All of the reports above alluded to will, when compiled, be forwarded directly to the Acting Surgeon General.
By order of the Acting Surgeon General : _
7 ° ° 0. H. CRANE,
Medical Officer in charge of Surgeon U. 8. Army.
U. S. A. General Hospital.
Contemporaneously with the establishment of a more accurate system of Medical and Surgical reports, a pathological collection was commenced, which, under the charge of Surgeon J. H. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U. S. Army, became the basis of the Army Medical Museum, itself, as it now exists, an eloquent and instructive history of the Medicine and Surgery of the War, and without which no history could have been com- pletely illustrated.
The announcement of this project was cordially responded to by Medical Officers throughout the service ; and the list of contributors comprises the names of many most eminent for zeal and ability in the discharge of their duties under the Government, whose honorable records are identified with this work.
The following Circular was published more to secure a certain class of specimens, than to stimulate the liberality with which most valuable pathological material was being forwarded :
[CIRCULAR LETTER.]
Surgeon General's Office,
Washington, D. C, June 24, 1864. Medical Officers in charge of Hospitals are directed to diligently collect and preserve for the Army Medical Museum, all pathological surgical specimens which may occur in the hospitals under their charge.
The objects which it is desired to collect for the Museum may be thus enumerated :
Fractures, compound and simple ; fractures of the cranium.
Excised portions of bone.
Diseased bones and joints.
Exfoliations ; especially those occurring in stumps.
Specimens illustrative of the structure of stumps, (obliterated arteries, bulbous nerves,
rounded bones, etc.) Integumental wounds of entrance and of exit, from both the round and conoidal ball. Wounds of vessels and nerves.
Vessels obtained subsequent to ligation, and to secondary haemorrhage. Wounded viscera. Photographic representations of extraordinary injuries, portraying the results of
wounds, operations, or peculiar amputations.
PREFATORY. VII
Models of novel surgical appliances, and photographic views of new plans of dressing.
Plaster casts of stumps and amputations, and models of limbs upon which excisions may have been performed.
It is not intended to impose on Medical Officers the labor of dissecting and preparing the specimens they may contribute to the Museum. This will be done under the super- intendence of the Curator.
In forwarding such pathological objects as compound fractures, bony specimens, and wet preparations generally, obtained after amputation, operation, or cadaveric examination, all unnecessary soft parts should first be roughly removed. Every specimen should then be wrapped separately in a cloth, so as to preserve all spiculno and fragments. A small block of wood should be attached, with the name of the patient, the number of the specimen, and the name of the medical officer sending it, inscribed in lead pencil. The inscription will be uninjured by the contact of fluids. The preparation should be then immersed in diluted alcohol or whiskey, contained in a keg or small cask. When a sufficient number of objects shall have accumulated, the cask should be forwarded directly to the Surgeon General's Office. The expenses of expressage will be defrayed in Washington. The receipt of the keg or package will be duly acknowledged by the Curator of the Museum.
In every instance, a corresponding list or history of the cases should, at the same
time, be forwarded to this office. In this list the number and nature of every specimen
should be clearly specified, and, when possible, its history should be given. The numbers
attached to the specimens themselves, and the numbers on the list forwarded should always
correspond, and should be accompanied by the name and rank of the medical officer by
whom sent. Every specimen will be duly credited in the Catalogue to the medical officer
contributing it.
J. K. BARNES,
Acting Surgeon General.
In order to perfect the returns under examination, as far as possible, the following Circular was issued :
[CIRCULAR LETTER.]
Surgeon General's Office,
Washington, D. C, February 2, 1865.
Medical Directors of Armies in the field or of detached commands are instructed to transmit to this Office copies of all reports in their possession from the Recorders of Division or other Field Hospitals, and in future, copies of such reports will be forwarded to the Surgeon General within twenty days after every engagement.
Medical Directors of Departments will forward to this Office copies of all reports of individual cases of gunshot injury antecedent to the adoption of the present system of registration of wounds, (October 1, 1863,) which are on file in their offices.
By order of the Surgeon General : J 6 C. H. CRANE,
Surgeon U. S. Army.
VIII PREFATORY.
On April 6, 1866, a letter was addressed to each Medical Director, requiring that all Registers of Hospitals, Consolidated Registers of Soldiers treated, and all information in their possession pertaining to the Sick, Wounded, Discharged, and Dead during the war, should he transferred to this Office. Careful revision of the material accumulated up to that date, had estahlished its immense value to the civilized world, and it seemed to be demanded that, in justice to humanity, and to the national credit, it should, at once, be made available by publication.
By authority of the Secretary of War, Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Circular No. 6, A Report upon the Extent and Nature of the Materials available for the preparation of a Medical and Surgical History of the War, was published, and an edition of seven thousand five hundred copies distributed.
Encouraged by the approbation of Secretary Stanton, who took the deepest interest in its success, and aided by his powerful influence, an application was made to Congress, and an appropriation was granted June 8, 1868, for the purpose of preparing for publication, under the direction of the Secretary of War, five thousand copies of the First Part of the Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion, compiled by the Surgeon General, and on March 3, 1869, by a Joint Resolution of Congress, the number of copies mentioned above was authorized to be printed at the Government Printing Office.
Assistant Surgeon J. J. Woodward, XL S. Army, who had been in charge of the Medical Records since June 9, 1862, and Assistant Surgeon George A. Otis, U. S. Army, who was assigned to the charge of the Surgical Records, October 3, 1864, were directed to prepare the work for publication; the zeal and intelligence of these Officers having been already fully established.
No work of this character, of equal magnitude, had ever been undertaken; the Medical and Surgical History of the British Army which served in Turkey and the Crimea during the war against Russia in 1854, 1855, and 1856, and the Medico-Chirurgical Report of Doctor J. C. Chenu upon the Crimean Campaign, published by the French Government in 1865, being the only national publica- tions on military medicine and surgery.
It was not considered advisable to follow the classification of either of these works, and a plan was determined on which it is believed will be found adapted to the preservation of the great mass of facts collected, in a form for convenient study. Through the liberality of the Government, in its beneficent pension laws, it has been found practicable to obtain accurate histories of many thousand wounded or mutilated men for years subsequent to their discharge from service.
PREFATORY. IX
The success which has attended this effort to ascertain the ultimate results of operations or conservative measures, employed in the treatment of the wounded in the late war, is largely owing to the cordial cooperation of the Surgeons General and Adjutants General of States, the Examining Surgeons of the Pension Bureau, and very many private Physicians throughout the country. As in the official returns of the casualties of the French and English Armies in the Crimean War, the cases were dropped when the men were invalided, pensioned, or discharged from service, this information was considered peculiarly desirable.
In carrying out the intentions of Congress, it has been my earnest endeavor to make this Medical and Surgical History of the War, not only a contribution to science, but an enduring monument to the self-sacrificing zeal and professional ability of the Volunteer and Regular Medical Staff, and the unparalleled liberality of our Government, which provided so amply for the care of its sick and wounded soldiers. To the Medical Officers connected more immediately with this work, for most cordial assistance and unceasing industry ; to those who, at the close of the war, returned to civil life; to the members of the Medical Staff of the Army and Officers of the various Bureaux of the War Department, for. the courtesy and promptness with which requests for information have invariably been responded to, I am deeply indebted. My thanks, and those of every possessor of these volumes, are especially due to the Superintendents of the Government Printing Office, and their skilled assistants, who have spared no pains in making the typography and execution of this publication worthy of the Government and the Nation it represents.
JOSEPH K. BARNES, Surgeon General U. S. Army.
£•
THE
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HISTORY
OF THE
WAR OF THE REBELLION.
PART I.
VOLUME I.
MEDICAL HISTORY.
Prepared, under the direction of JOSEPH K. BARNES, Surgeon General United States Army, By J. J. WOODWARD, Assistant Surgeon United States Army.
INTRODUCTION.
The Medical Volume of the First Part of the Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion consists of a series of statistical tables presenting a summary view of the facts embodied in the monthly reports made to the Surgeon General with regard to the Sickness of the Army, the Deaths, and the Discharges from service on surgeon's certificate of disability.
These tables have been arranged in two groups ; Part I referring to White Troops, Part II to Colored Troops. Each of these parts again, is subdivided into two sections; the first referring to Sickness and Mortality, the second to Discharges on surgeon's certificate of disability.
The propriety of endeavoring to present separately such facts as it has been possible to collect, with regard to the sickness and mortality of Colored Soldiers, would appear too obvious to require extended remark in this place. Aside from all considerations of a scientific or historical nature, motives of humanity would seem to dictate that the statistics should be presented in the form most likely to render them serviceable as a contribution to our knowledge of the influence of race-peculiarities on disease. These motives acquire, if possible, additional importance from the fact that several thousand Colored Men still continue to form a part of the United States Army. In order that this object might be attained the statistical tables of Part II have been made to embrace only the Enlisted Men of colored regiments, the cases and deaths among their white officers being carefully excluded. The enlisted men of these regiments, however, included, besides persons of African descent, many of mixed African and European blood, and the returns afforded no available means for discrimination.
The tables for both White and Colored troops have been constructed by a careful consolidation of the sick reports made to the Surgeon General. The army regulations in force at the commencement of the war required the senior medical officer of each hospital, post, regiment, or detachment, to make monthly, to the Medical Director, and quarterly to the Surgeon General, a report of Sick and Wounded, of Deaths and of Discharges on surgeon's certificate of disability.* The Medical Director, by whom the monthly reports were received, was required to consolidate them and forward the consolidated return to the Surgeon General.f Printed forms for these purposes were issued by the Surgeon General's Office.
•Revised Regulations for the Army of the United States, 1861. Par. 1264. tlbid. Par. 1267.
XIV
INTRODUCTION.
The form for the quarterly report to the Surgeon General was as follows: Report of the Sick and Wounded at for the quarter
ENDING
,18
TAKEN SICK OR RECEIVED INTO HOSPITAL DCRING THE QUARTER.
MONTH
FlH.sT.
SPECIFIC DISEASES.
Cases.
Febris Congestiva
Febris Continua Communis
Febris Intermittens Quotidiana .
Febris Intermittens Tertiana
Febris Intermittens Quartana . . .
Febris Remittena
Febris Typhoides
Febris Typhus
Febris Typhus Icterodes
All other Diseases of this Class.
Erysipelas
Rubeola
Etc
Etc
Deaths.
Seconp.
Cases.
Total.
Deaths.
Timti).
Cases.
Deaths.
Total by each disease.
Total by each Class.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
general summary.
Remaining
SINCE
last report.
3 M
|
1 |
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|
3 |
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|
S |
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|
X |
£ |
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1 |
3 Q |
ri |
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= |
£ |
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Eh |
1 E 1 |
% |
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to < |
e O |
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Remaining.
S .2
a q
Mean Strength.
Month.
Officers.
Total.
Ratio per Quarter.
Enlisted Men.
Total.
as o
Ratio per 1000 of Mean Strength.
Cases. ' Deaths.
Discharges on Surgeon's Certificate, and Deaths.
Name.
Rank.
Surname.
Regiment.
Christian Name.
Company.
Disease.
Date of Discharge from Service.
Date of Death.
REMARKS.
INTRODUCTION
XV
One hundred and forty-three diseases were specified on this blank, and classified as follows: Fevers, Eruptive Fevers, Diseases of the organs connected with the Digestive System, Diseases of the Respiratory System, Diseases of the Circulatory System, Diseases of the Brain and Nervous System, Diseases of the Urinary and Genital Organs and Venereal Affections, Diseases of the Serous Exhalent Vessels, Diseases of the Fibrous and Muscular Structures, Abscesses and Ulcers, Wounds and Injuries, Diseases of the Eye, Diseases of the Ear, and All Other Diseases.
The form issued for the monthly reports differed from the foregoing only in the omission of the columns intended to receive the cases and deaths of the second and third months, while for the Medical Directors' monthly consolidated reports large sheets were issued on which the names of the diseases were printed across the top of the page, and columns ruled below each, so that twenty regimental reports might be entered in full on a single sheet.
This plan of reporting sickness and mortality had been used in the army, with trifling modifications, for a number of years, and had been found to work well in times of peace, but certain embarrassments were encountered when it was attempted to apply it to the large and suddenly created armies brought into the field at the commencement of the War of the Rebellion.
On the 23d of July, 1862, therefore, the subject of the monthly reports of sick and wounded was referred to an Army Board composed of Surgeon Lewis A. Edwards, U. S. Army, Surgeon J. H. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeons J. J. Woodward and M. J. Asch, U. S. Army. On the recommendation of this Board it was ordered that the quarterly sick reports to the Surgeon General should be discontinued, and that the monthly reports should be forwarded to the Surgeon General, by the Medical Director, in company with his consolidated monthly report. Not long after, the Medical Directors were authorized by the Surgeon General to discontinue the consolidated monthly reports, and, instead, instructed simply to collect the sick reports of the several regiments and detachments under their supervision and forward them to the Surgeon General at the close of each month. On the whole, these modifications were found to work satisfactorily, and discipline improving as the war progressed, greater care was bestowed on the preparation of the reports, which were forwarded with as much regularity as could have been expected during active operations.
From these Monthly Sick Reports, mainly, the tables in this volume have been prepared. They cannot be regarded as complete. There is probably no one month during which all the regiments and detachments, actually in service, are represented. Nevertheless, even during the first year, for which they are most imperfect, they embrace so large a proportion of the troops concerned that they cannot fail to serve fairly as a reliable basis for deductions with regard to the health of the whole army. Some brief considerations with regard to the actual degree of completeness attained will be offered in the course of these introductory remarks.
XVI INTEODUCTION.
The Army Board, of which mention has just been made, felt called upon to recom- mend a change in the Classification of Diseases which had formerly been employed in the monthly sick reports. They advised the adoption of a classification based upon that devised by Dr. William Fan of London, which had, for some time, been employed in the statistical reports of the English army. This classification had been generally adopted in England for civil, as well as for military medical statistics, and its advocates were sanguine that it would be extensively, if not universally, employed in the official medical publica- tions of civilized nations. It was thought by the Board that the medical statistics of the war in progress would possess the most general utility if they were collected and published in such a form as would permit them to be compared readily with similar publications issued by other nations; and this motive had greater weight in determining the adoption of Dr. Farr's Nomenclature and Classification than any consideration of its intrinsic merits. These, indeed, were not discussed by the Board at any very great length; they felt convinced that in the present state of pathological knowledge any classification which might be adopted must necessarily be conventional, and they were merely desirous of selecting from the conflicting systems at their disposal that which seemed most likely to facilitate the comparison of our own results with those of other countries. After they had determined to adopt this plan of classification quite a number of proposed changes in its details were pressed upon them for consideration. The same motives which had led to their adoption of Dr. Farr's general plan caused them, however, to reject the majority of these propositions, and they permitted only a few innovations, the reasons for which, as they conceived, were strong enough to outweigh the obvious objections against admitting any alterations whatever in the plan adopted.
In its general outlines the classification of Dr. Farr was as follows: All diseases were divided into five classes. I. Zymotic diseases. II. Constitutional diseases. III. Local diseases. IV. Developmental diseases. V. Violent diseases or deaths. These classes were subdivided into orders, viz. :
Class I. — Zymotic Diseases.
Order 1. — Miasmatic Diseases. Order 2. — Enthetic Diseases. Order 3. — Dietic Diseases. Order 4.— Parasitic Diseases
Class II. — Constitutional Diseases.
Order 1 .-—Diathetic Diseases. Order 2.— Tubercular Diseases.
Class III. — Local Diseases.
R^er J-~5iseases of the Nervous System.
Order 2.— Diseases of the Organs of Circulation.
Order 3.—Diseases of the Respiratory Organs
Order 4.— Diseases of the Digestive Organs
INTRODUCTION. XVII
Class TIT. — Local Diseases. — Continued.
Order 5. — Diseases of the Urinary Organs. Order G. — Diseases of the Organs of Generation. Order 7. — Diseases of Organs of Locomotion. Order 8. — Diseases of Integumentary Pystom.
Class IV. — Developmental Disease*.
Order 1.— Of Children.
Order 2.— Of Women.
Order 3.— Of Old People.
Order 4. — Diseases of Nutrition,
Class V. — Violent Diseases and Deaths.
Order 1. — Accident.
Order 2.— Battle.
Order 3. — Homicide.
Order 4. — Suicide.
Order 5. — Execution.
Order G. — Corporal Punishment.
The plan of Dr. Farr was originally drawn up as a report to the Congress of European Statisticians which met at Paris, September 10, 1855. It was discussed in that meeting, in the meeting at Brussels in 1856, and in that at Vienna in 1857. During the meeting at Vienna a nomenclature was adopted which was substantially that of Dr. Farr; but the Congress failed to agree upon his classification, and subsequent experience has shown that the hopes of general recognition entertained by its advocates were ill founded. Never- theless, as it has been employed in the medical reports of the British army, in the reports of the Registrar General of England, and in many other statistical publications during the years represented in this work, there appears to be no reason to regret its adoption for the sick reports of the army during the war.
The classification recommended by the Board, and adopted by the Surgeon General
in the preparation of the new blanks which were issued shortly after, differed from that
of Dr. Farr chiefly in the omission of such details as were judged unlikely to be of
importance for army use. Thus, for example, the class of Developmental Diseases was
omitted, because these diseases pertain chiefly to children, women, and old men, and were
not expected to be encountered to any very great extent as new cases, or as causes of death
among soldiers. In the class of Violent Diseases and Deaths, while Homicide, Suicide,
and Execution of Sentence were kept separate from other Accidents and Injuries, it was
not thought necessary to duplicate each of the headings in the latter order with the view
of keeping the injuries and wounds received in battle separate from those which might
occur accidentally during military operations. In selecting the names of individual diseases
to be printed on the blank in connection with each class and order, the attempt was made
to embrace those of most frequent occurrence and of greatest importance, leaving rarer
affections to be included under the head of All Others of the class or order to which
they belonged. 3*
XYIT1 INTRODUCTION.
But in addition to these mere omissions, considered necessary to adapt the rhissilicatmn of Dr. Farrtouse in our army, the Board foil called upon lo tveommend a few other modifications, of which the following were the most important:
They recommended that Parasitic diseases, Class I, < >rd.-r I. should he separatc-d from Zymotic affections and erected into a separate class ; that diseases of thi< Kve and Ear, included by Dr. Farr under the -general head of diseases of tin- Nervous Syst.-m. Class III, Order 1, should be made separate orders of the. same class, and that liheuiuatisin should be placed alongside of Gout in the Diathetic order of Constitutional diseases, and Tonsilitis among diseases oi the Digestive Organs, instead of including both, as Dr. Karr had done in the Miasmatic order of Zymotic affections.
It may be remarked, in this connection, that seven years later the Royal College <>t Physicians of London adopted all these alterations, among the other modifications of Dr. Farr's original plan which they thought best to make in preparing the Nomenclature of Diseases* they have recently published, and which is hereafter to be employed in England for both civil and military medical statistics.
The classification recommended by the Board, and adopted for army use. was therefore as follows:
Class I. — Zymotic Diseases.
Order 1. — Miasmatic Order 2. — Enthetic. Order 3. — Dietic.
Class II. — Constitutional Diseases
Order 1. — Diathetic. Order 2. — Tubercular.
Class III. — Parasitic Diseases. Class IV. — Local Diseases.
Order 1. — Of the Nervous System.
Order 2.— Of the Eye.
Order 3.— Of the Ear.
Order 4.— Of the Organs of Circulation.
Order 5. — Of the Respiratory Organs.
Order 6.— Of the Digestive Organs.
Order 7. — Of the Urinary and Genital Organs.
Order 8.— Of the Bones and Joints.
Order 9. — Of the Integumentary System.
Class V. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
Order 1.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
Order 2. — Homicide.
Order 3. — Suicide.
Order 4. — Execution of Sentence.
'The Nomenclature of Diseases, drawn up by a joint committee appointed by the Royal College of Physicians of London, subject to Decennial Revision. London, 1869.
INTRODUCTION. XIX
The following definition of such of the above terms as appeared to require explanation were offered at the time.
The class Zymotic diseases is intended to embrace epidemic, endemic, or contagious affections, supposed to be induced by some specific body, or by anomalies in the quantity or quality of the food. The order Miasmatic diseases includes affections believed to be due to various atmospheric influences, such as the products of vegetable and animal decomposition, specific emanations from the human body in a state of disease, and the so-called marsh miasms. The order Enthetic diseases includes those disorders which are transmitted by the inoculation of morbid matters. The order Dietic diseases includes those which are caused by errors in the quantity and quality of the food.
The class Constitutional diseases includes sporadic affection often hereditary and generally involving several organs, in which morbid products or new formations frequently make their appearance in the parts involved. From the general mass of these diseases which are embraced in Order 1 under the designation Diathetic diseases, the Tubercular diseases, such as Scrofula and Consumption, are separated in Order 2.
After some deliberation the Board agreed in recommending to the Surgeon General that in the nomenclature of the new blanks, the most generally accepted English designations of diseases should be employed instead of the Latin terms previously used in our army reports. Some of these were at best modern barbarisms ; some of them were not generally understood. The difficulties recently experienced by the Committee of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons in making their Latin Version,* will serve to illustrate the questions involved. The English names selected agree so closely with those of the old nom- enclature of Dr. Farr and the more recent scheme of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, that no further explanation of them appears to be needed, and they have been employed in the following tables under the impression that this course would render the work more generally useful than any Latin nosology which could have been determined upon.
The old blanks were employed for the monthly reports of sick and wounded of the whole army until the close of the first fiscal year. Subsequently the new form came rapidly into use. In preparing the tables of this volume the results obtained by con- solidating the sick reports made on the old blanks have been recast in the form of the new classification, in order that they might be more readily compared. As the new blanks, however, contained the names of some diseases separately which were not separately given in the old, while the old blanks contained several names which it was not thought necessary to present separately in the new, a comparison of the figures for these affections cannot be made for the whole period. An examination of Table C, page 636 to 641, will show at a glance all the few points of difference arising from this source. They will be discussed in detail in the Second Volume of the Medical History of the War in connection with the diseases to which they belong. A single example will serve for illustration in this place.
* Loc. cit. p. XXIV.
xx INTRODUCTION.
On the old blanks there was a heading for Skin Jisea.es but no separate place for reporting Itch, all the eases of which were included under the head of Skin diseases. On the new blank, however, Itch was separated from other Skin diseases and placed as an independent item in the class of Parasitic diseases. The extent to which this trouble- some disorder was prevailing among the troops was thought to justify this course. Accordingly in table C it will be seen that no cases of Itch are separately repre.sen ted until after the close of the first fiscal year of the war, and even for the second year, although six thousand two hundred and sixty-three cases of Itch are reported, yet as the old form of blanks was quite extensively used during the earlier months of this year a considerable number of other cases are still included with Skin diseases. For subsequent years, however, as the new blank was used almost exclusively, it is probable that the number of cases of Itch reported in the table for these years is a close approximation to the whole number of cases which actually occurred in the mean strength represented. This example will serve to illustrate the principle involved in other apparent discrepancies of this kind.
Tn preparing the tables it was thought best that they should be made to correspond with the Congressional fiscal years which, as is well known, terminate annually on the 30th of June. The period represented embraces May and June 1861; the first fiscal year of the war terminating June 30, 1862; the second fiscal year of the war terminating June 30, 1863; the third fiscal year of the war terminating June 30, 1864; the fourth fiscal year of the war terminating June 30, 1865, and the fiscal year following the war terminating June 30, 1866. This last year was included because, although after the close of the war the great volunteer army was disbanded with unprecedented rapidity, the unsettled state of the country rendered it necessary to keep a certain number of volunteer troops in service for some time after the cessation of actual hostilities, and it was thought that tables showing the sickness and mortality from disease during the year of peace following the war would be valuable for comparison with the diseases and deaths of similar bodies o( troops in the same regions during the period of active operations.
With the view of collecting data for the study of the special influences of the several Geographical Regions of our country on the health of armies operating in them, the tables for each year are arranged in separate groups for the Atlantic, Central, and Pacific Regions.
The Atlantic Region embraces the garrisons and stations in the New England and Middle States, and the field of operations on the slope between the Appalachian range of Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean, from Maryland southward to Key West, Florida. It includes therefore the Army of the Potomac and other troops engaged in the campaigns against Richmond, as well as the several Coast Expeditions, with the exception of that which resulted in the capture of New Orleans. This last on account of the region which became the scene of operations and the general subsequent history of the Department of the Gulf, is embraced in the Central Region.
INTRODUCTION. XXI
Tho Central llegion is the great basin watered by the Mississippi River and its tributaries, h iucIikIoh the area between the Appalachian range and the Rocky .Mountains. LJie tables embrace tlie reports received from garrisons and stations in Ohio Indiana Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa, the statistics of the Annies of the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee, and those of the troops in Missouri. Arkansas and the Department of the Gulf.
The Pacific Region includes the stations in Colorado. New Mexico and the slope between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
The same motive which led to this general grouping made it desirable that the several regions should be subdivided geographically in constructing the tables embraced in each. At first sight it might be supposed thai this would be best effected by following the boundaries of the Military Departments as announced in General Orders; ami had these remained fixed, or been modified only in consequence of the movements of large bodies of troops, this would have undoubtedly been the ease. In the course of events, however, it was found that so many other circumstances concurred in determining temporary changes in the boundaries of Departments that it was believed no scientific purpose would be answered by following these alterations with any degree of strictness.
[n the arrangement actually adopted in compiling the tables two chief considerations were kept constantly in view. On the one hand it was wished that so far as possible they should represent the sickness and mortality of troops within certain definite Geographical Boundaries: on the other hand it was thought desirable that the medical statistics of those Great Armies which, it might fairly be anticipated, would possess historical interest should be separately presented. When, after a survey of all the documents, a detailed plan was finally determined upon, the boundaries selected as guides in the preparation of the several tables were found to approximate those of the Military Departments so nearly that it was thought advisable to use their designations as the Titles of the Tables, and explanatory remarks have been prefixed to the tables of each region for each year, which briefly set forth the boundaries of the Departments as described in Orders, together with such alterations as it was deemed necessary to adopt, in order that Geographical consider- ations might have due influence. In these explanatory remarks the descriptive language of the General Orders has been employed, and while such dates and memoranda of events have been added as seemed required for the comprehension of the tables, it was deemed advisable to avoid any attempt at a detailed narrative of events. Such a narrative to be worthy of official publication must needs occupy much more space than could be given in the present work, and is so far foreign to its purpose that it seems much preferable to refer the reader to other works for all historical details except those of a strictly medical or surgical character.
The limits of the several tables having been determined upon it was no small labor to assign correctly all the individual reports of regiments and detachments. The record of stations and other internal evidences afforded by the reports themselves were not always
xxn INTRODUCTION.
adequate, and to avoid errors the most pains-taking comparisons were instituted between the returns to the Surgeon General and those filed in the office of the Adjutant General. It is believed that by these labors a high degree of accuracy ha* been attained. Many thanks are due to the Adjutant General and the officers under his direction for the facilities afforded by them. The Monthly and Tri-monthly Military Returns of the several depart- mental and subordinate commanders were all carefully compared and every exertion was made to avoid possible sources of error.
It has already been stated that separate tables are presented for White and Colored troops. Many other interesting subdivisions suggested themselves, such as the comparison between the Regular and Volunteer troops, between Officers and Men. between Infantry. Artillery, and Cavalry, and between soldiers of American and those of Foreign birth. All attempts at such subdivision were, however, reluctantly abandoned, as involving a degree of labor for which there was no adequate clerical force and which would have required a system of returns entirely different from those in use at the breaking out of the war or those which it was afterwards thought practicable to adopt, For the same reason it was deemed inadvisable to attempt to prepare for publication the separate regimental returns which have served as a basis for the present tables. In extent and costliness such a publication would have exceeded all reasonable limits.
The tables representing the several Departments and Armies are so arranged as to present the sickness and mortality of each year by Months. This was done witli a view to the study of the question of the influence of Season on the diseases of the several Regions.
Briefly, then, the tables for White troops embrace the diseases and deaths of Officers and Men of all arms, both Regulars and Volunteers in the several Departments and Regions, for each Month during the progress of the war, and are arranged with special reference to the study of the influence of Season and Region on the health of armies engaged in active operations in the United States. In the case of the Colored troops similar tables are presented, which, however, represent Enlisted Men only.
The next point in the tables requiring remark is the Mean Strength which appears at the top of the column for each month. This figure was invariably obtained by adding together the mean strengths given in the individual reports consolidated for the month. It is simply to be understood as representing the number of men among whom the diseases and deaths reported in the column beneath occurred. No other plan would have served as the basis for the deduction of correct ratios from the tables. Of .course the numbers will not be found to agree with the departmental returns in the office of the Adjutant General. Some discrepancies will be due to the fact that the boundaries of departments have, in many instances, been modified as already explained, others to the absence of military or of medical returns from individual regiments or detachments, while yet others are due to the circumstance that the medical reports represent the mean strength for the month, while the returns to the Adjutant General represent the strength on the day
INTRODUCTION. XXTTT
of their date. This last consideration must not bo overlooked by those who mav desire to make use of the mean strengths given in (his volume for the ordinary purposes of history. During a part of the war the medical officer of each regiment or detachment
was ordered to obtain the mean strcngtli of the command represented in his report by adding together the strength present, as obtained from the consolidated morning report of the command, for each day of the month and dividing by the number of days. To diminish the labor involved in this process it was subsequently directed that the mean strength of commands should be obtained for the monthly reports by adding together the total strength present on the 10th, 20th, and last day of the month as received from the commanding officer, and dividing by three. This method would give, it was thought, results closely approximating those obtained by the former more troublesome plan. If the mean strength obtained for any command by either of these methods be compared with the strength reported on the last day of the month on the military returns a consid- erable discrepancy may be expected in two cases: First, if the command lias experiencd any increase during the month, the mean strength will be less than the strength on the last day; second, if the command has experienced any decrease during the month, the mean strength will be greater than the strength present on the last day, so that an exact coincidence can seldom be anticipated. It would seem, however, to require no argument in this place to show that the mean strength should be employed in medical statistical tables rather than the strength on any given day. The mean strength given in the tables for White troops embraces officers as well as enlisted men. and the cases and deaths of both are included. Tn the tables for Colored troops, however, the mean strength does not include the white officers, nor are their diseases and deaths embraced in the tables.
The mean strength entered in the column of each table headed Total, is the arithmetical mean of the several monthly strengths given in the table, and in all the complete tables represents the annual average mean strength. In the partial tables it represents the average mean strength for the number of months exhibited in the table. The number of cases and deaths in the same column is the sum of the figures in the
previous column.
In the Annual Consolidated tables for Regions the mean strength for each month is obtained by adding together the mean strengths of the several Departments embraced in the region as given for the month in previous tables. The strength entered in the column headed Total, in these regional tables is. however, not obtained by adding together the totals of the departmental tables, but is the arithmetical mean of the sums of the monthly strengths of the regional tables. It thus represents the annual average mean strength of the region. It will readily be understood that by merely adding together the strength given in the departmental tables in the column headed Total, the figure obtained for the regional tables would not fairly represent the annual average mean strength of the region in those cases in which any of the departmental tables represented fractions of a year.
XXIV INTRODUCTION.
The several departmental tables in the Atlantic find Central Regions lor raeli year are followed by a table presenting an abstract of the Mortality in the I Son.-nil Hospitals of tbc region during the year. This table, it will be observed, contains Deaths only, the column for Cases being left blank. Some explanation of the reas f (his circumstance
is required.
In the first place it is to be remarked that the departmental tables, being made up of the reports from regiments and detachments in the field and in garrison, contain not merely those cases which were treated in Quarters and in the Regimental and Pos! Hospitals but also those which were subsequently sent for treatment to the General Hospitals at the base of operations or in the Northern States. It was the custom to send tin- majority of the serious cases to these General Hospitals and, as a consequence, it will be observed that the mortality represented in the Departmental Tables is extremely light. As a rule the patient did not remain stationary until recovery or death, an inmate of the General Hospital into which he was at first received. Military necessity continually required the hospitals nearest the base of operations to be cleared, and the patients to be sent to more distant establishments in order to make room for the sick of armies about to move or for the thousands of wounded requiring care after great battles. It was usual when an army was about to commence active operations to disembarrass the Field Hospitals of patients that the medical staff and hospital establishment might accompany the moving columns. It was also the usage after engagements to transport the greater portion of the wounded to the nearest General Hospital. Some noteworthy exceptions to the latter rule occurred, the particulars of which will be found in the Surgical History of the War, but these exceptions were not sufficiently frequent to militate with the correctness of the general statement, In transfers of this kind it was with great propriety made the rule to move the sick to make room for the wounded, but the wounded also were often necessarily removed in great numbers so that it frequently happened that patients of both classes passed through several hospitals before the final termination of their cases. Under these circumstances it will be readily understood that a consolidation of the monthly reports of sick and wounded of the General Hospitals, made with the view of ascertaining the number of Cases of each disease or injury treated, would lead only to duplication of Cases and inextricable confusion. Nothing short of a pains-taking tracing out of each one of the eases through the hospital books now preserved at the Surgeon General's Office, could lead to any useful results in this direction, and such an undertaking would require, for years, the labor of a clerical force much larger than has ever been at the disposal of the of deaths hand ^ ^ C°mparative1^ an «* matt*r to avoid any duplication
of tho Wrrf ^^ am°ng 0t!1Cr mattGrS' the Tllird Vohlme °f the Medical History of ho War shall contain a somewhat detailed account of the General Hospital System
To tins the reader must be referred for particulars; but some brief allusion to the facts of
the case appears indispensable to the comprehension of the statistical questions involved.
INTRODUCTION. X.W
Before the war, the troops composing the United States Army were chiefly distributed as garrisons of the various permanent or temporary works constructed for Sea Coast Defence or for the protection of the Indian Frontier. Each of these stations was provided with a small Post Hospital in which the serious cases of sickness were treated by the medical officer attached to the post. Mild cases were usually prescribed for and allowed to remain in Quarters. When troops began to go into camp at the commencement of the war, each regiment established a Regimental Hospital on the same general plan. Hospital tents, or some building temporarily occupied, afforded shelter for the more serious cases who were there treated by the regimental surgeon or his assistants, while milder cases were prescribed for and excused from duty, but continued to occupy their ordinary tents or such other shelter as was provided for the rest of the command. When several regiments were grouped together as Brigades, it was often found convenient to establish all the Regimental Hospitals of the brigade at one point, and this speedily led to their consolidation in many instances as Brigade Hospitals. At a later period the same tendency to consolidation led to the union of the several Brigade Hospitals of a Division, forming thus a Division Hospital. The Division Hospital was sometimes a mere aggregation of Regimental or Brigade Field Hospitals, but in its highest development in connection with large Armies in which the troops were maneuvered by Divisions, it formed a single unit, bearing the same relation to the Division that the Regimental Hospital did to the Regiment. An interesting account of the workings of the Division system of Field Hospitals will be found in the Appended Documents of this volume, especially in the reports of Medical Director McParlin, p. 148 et seq. to which the reader is referred.
But very shortly after the organization of troops was commenced in 1861, it was found that the system of Post and Regimental Hospitals was not adequate to provide for all the sick. Difficulty was especially experienced when a regiment received marching orders. It was then desirable of course that the Regimental Surgeon, with his assistants and hospital tents, should accompany the command, while, on the other hand, there was very generally a certain number of sick or wounded under treatment who could not with propriety be carried along. Moreover the maximum hospital accommodation which it was practicable to allow each regiment, proved insufficient to provide for all the patients on occasions of emergency, as during the prevalence of epidemics, or after the occurrence of general engagements. It became necessary, therefore, to organize near the base of operations independent hospitals which should receive and care for the sick necessarily left behind when troops moved, as well as those for whom the Regimental Hospitals could afford no accommodation, and the wounded after battles. Such establishments, known as General Hospitals, being of a more or less permanent character, it was possible to provide more conveniences and comforts for the care of the sick and wounded than could be furnished in the field, and hence it early became the custom to send the more serious cases, especially those likely to require protracted treatment, to General Hospital. When in the course of events the General Hospitals, near the several bases of operation, became 4»
;
XXVI INTRODUCTION.
encumbered with sick and wounded, others were established at various points throughout the Northern States, and the hospitals near the base of operations were evacuated from time to time upon the more distant establishments, to make room for the continual stream of diseased and disabled which constantly flowed from the scene of active operations.
It will be the task of the medical historian in the Third Volume to trace these operations in detail. He will have to show how it happened, that after a period of transition, in which hotels, factories, and other existing buildings, many of them ill suited for hospital purposes, were temporarily occupied, wooden barracks came to be constructed for hospital purposes, which were improved from time to time, as experience suggested modifications in the original plans, until a unique system of Barrack Hospitals, each capable of accommodating from one to three thousand patients, resulted, which is well worthy of the serious attention of military surgeons. He will have to detail the events which ultimately led to the recognition of the General Hospitals as independent military posts, of which the Surgeon-in-charge was the Commanding Officer, subject only to the jurisdiction of the Medical Director and of the General Commanding the Department. He will have to show how the principle, that the Surgeon-in-charge is the proper person to command a General Hospital, was speedily pushed to its logical results; how the Line Officers commanding the guard of the hospital, or acting as its quartermaster or commissary, were placed under ^the authority of the Surgeon-in-charge and ordered to report to him, and how the results attained so fully justified the course pursued, that the Medical Department may confidently appeal to the precedent thus established as its warrant for asking the like enlarged jurisdiction and powers in any future war.
An examination of the monthly reports of sick and wounded from these General Hospitals shows that their population was constantly fluctuating. Thousands of patients were often received and sent away in a single month. Events at the front, and the consequent condition of the hospitals near the base of operations, more frequently than the nature of the disease or injury, determined the stay of the patient in any individual hospital. Of course when a number of cases were sent from a hospital in anticipation of fresh arrivals, the less serious cases of both wounds and disease were, so far as possible, selected for transportation, a fact which is not to be overlooked in interpreting the greater mortality which distinguished the hospitals near the base of operations; but it was not always practicable to adhere strictly to this rule. Moreover, no inconsiderable movement of individual patients was determined by the efforts made from time to time by the State authorities to have the sick and wounded transferred for treatment to hospitals within their own State boundaries.
A review of all these facts, and of others of similar character, which need not now be specified, compelled the compiler of this volume reluctantly to abandon the hope of presenting in tabular form the number of cases of each disease treated in General Hospitals. The plan adopted with regard to the matter may be briefly summed up as follows:
The Departmental tables embrace the Cases and Deaths obtained by the consolidation
INTRODUCTION. XXVII
of the monthly sick reports of troops in the Field and in Garrison. They represent the number of men taken sick each month out of the mean strength given, and the nature of their complaints so far as could be ascertained by the medical officers who attended them. They set forth also the number who died with their commands, and in the several Post, Regimental, Brigade, and Division Hospitals attached.
The Hospital tables exhibit the number who died in the General Hospitals of each region, arranged by months and causes of death.
The Consolidated tables for Regions embrace, then, the total number of new Cases occurring from month to month in the strength given, arranged by diseases, and the total number of Deaths, also arranged by months and diseases, and including deaths in General Hospital as well as those occurring in the field and in garrison.
It will then be understood, that in computing the ratio of Cases to strength for any disease, the number of cases may be compared with the strength given in the departmental tables, or with their sum in the regional or army tables. But in computing the ratio of Deaths to strength, the hospital population, as exhibited in the several hospital tables, must be taken into account.
A comparison of the number of cases with the number of deaths for any disease will, however, require the consideration of some additional circumstances. For since it has been impossible to prepare tables showing the number of Cases of each disease received into the General Hospitals, and since every effort has been made to secure the distribution of the Deaths among the real causes of death, the number of deaths exhibited by the Regional and Army tables cannot always be regarded as bearing a direct relationship to the number of cases. The figures are to be regarded rather as independent facts, often intimately connected, and here offered for future reasonable discussion. No attempt has been made to reconcile the apparent discrepancies in the tables arising from this source. It was thought important that both classes of facts should be presented in the most complete manner, and that all attempt to bring them into accord should be postponed to become a subject of discussion in connection with individual diseases of importance in the
Second Volume.
An examination of the tables, therefore, will show many instances in which the number of Deaths is disproportionally large as compared with the number of Cases, and even some instances in which more Deaths than Cases are reported. These examples are not to be looked upon as oversights or errors on the part of those to whom the preparation of the tables was entrusted. They are the necessary consequence of the fidelity with which the facts, as reported, were consolidated. A single example will serve as an illustration.
In table LXVII, which is an abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of the Central Region for the year ending June 30, 1864, it will be observed on page 429 that the number of Cases of Inflammation of the Brain reported is 215, with 271 Deaths, which might be supposed to involve an impossibility. But an examination of the previous table shows,
xxvnI INTRODUCTION.
page 423, that 128 of these deaths occurred in General Hospital. It would appear, therefore.simply that 215 Cases and 143 Deaths of Inflammation of the Brain were reported among the garrisons and troops in the Central Region during the year, and that besides 128 Deaths of the same disease occurred in the General Hospitals of the Region. Some of the Deaths in hospital were doubtless patients included among the Cases of the garrison and field reports; but the greater part of them were probably men who had entered hospital with other complaints. The detailed facts would be interesting and valuable, but cannot be ascertained. We can, however, learn from the tables the number of New Cases of the disease which originated in the reported strength in field and in garrison during the time specified. We can also learn the whole number of Deaths attributed to this cause, including those which occurred in the given hospital population. Each of these facts has its own independent value, and each requires separate consideration. The two classes of facts can only be brought into relationship with a view to studying the relative mortality per thousand cases in connection with those affections of which a very large number of cases has been reported, and even in these instances the results attained will often require modification in accordance with considerations peculiar to each disease.
The writer is perfectly aware of the inconvenience of the circumstances just recounted, and has also fully considered many other objections to the plan which he has adopted for dealing with the monthly reports of the General Hospital. He also regrets greatly the impossibility of compiling tables giving general statistical information with regard to the number of cases of each disease which arose de novo in the hospital popu- lation, or of secondary diseases and complications. He is firmly convinced, however, that a more ambitious course than he has adopted would have led merely to less reliable result.
It must further be explained in this place that the tables in this volume do not embrace those Killed in Action, those dead of Wounds or Disease while Prisoners of War, or those who died while on Furlough, Leave of Absence, Absence Without Leave, or after Discharge from service on surgeon's certificate of disability. In the case of those Killed in Action, the monthly sick reports could not always be expected to attain accuracy, the Surgeon usually obtaining his information with regard to them indirectly and at second hand. The names of such of the killed as could be learned by him with reasonable certainty were entered in the sick report among the names of the dead, but the printed blanks directed that they should not be included in the statistical portion of the report, and a careful examination of the reports received shows that this rule was advisable.
The number of deaths from Gunshot and other Wounds given in the tables, therefore, excludes the Killed in Battle, but the number of Wounded was intended to embrace all the Wounded among the mean strength given, and when this intention was not carried out, as was sometimes probably the case, especially after certain general engagements, it was in consequence of circumstances which interfered with the efforts of the Medical Officer to obtain full details with regard to the Wounded 'of the commands to which they belonged.
INTRODUCTION. XXIX
Instances in which this took place are known, and it seems reasonable to suppose that many others must have occurred, so that the figures in the tables representing the number of Wounded, and especially the number of Gunshot "Wounds, must be regarded as probably less than the real number occurring in the mean strength represented. For the full discussion of this part of the subject, however, the reader must be referred to the Surgical Volumes of this work.
In addition to the foregoing explanations, which it has been thought advisable to offer as aids to the appreciation of the tables contained in this volume, it seems proper to make next some general remarks with regard to the Total Losses of our armies during the war by Death, and by Discharge on surgeon's certificate of disability. These remarks will be founded upon estimates derived from other sources of information than the reports of sick and wounded employed in the construction of the tables, and will therefore be of service as indicating the degree of completeness which these may fairly be considered to possess.
The first source of information which would appear to require consideration is the Adjutant General's Office, in which are preserved the military records of the army. Here are to be found the Returns of posts, armies, and departments, the monthly Muster and Pay Rolls of individual companies, and the Final Statements of deceased soldiers. The last-named of these reports have served as the basis for a most pains-taking investigation with regard to the subject of our present inquiry. It was the duty of company and other officers to furnish such a record of each death occurring within their jurisdiction, and hence the fact and date of death was thus reported in a large part of the whole number of the dead. These returns give, in each case, the name, rank, company, and regiment of the deceased, and state also, whenever the officer making the return was acquainted with the circumstances, whether he was Killed in Battle, or Died of Wounds or of Disease.
Of course many men were killed or died for whom no such final statements were made at the time. After engagements men were often missing concerning whom it was not known whether they were killed or taken prisoners; deaths not unfrequently occurred among men absent from their commands of which no responsible officer had knowledge; reports were captured by the enemy, lost or mislaid, and the duty of making them out was not invariably performed. At the close of the war, therefore, these files were far from complete.
It happened, however, immediately after the war was over, that vast numbers of applications began to be made to the Adjutant General by officers of the Pay Department, by the Second Auditor, and by the Commissioner of Pensions, for official evidence of the service and death of individual soldiers, to enable these officials to adjust the claims of the heirs of the deceased against the government. These applications not merely rendered it necessary to make a most laborious examination of the muster rolls to extract the deaths recorded in them, but in the case of those claimed to be dead, for whom there was no final statement, and who were not entered as dead on the muster rolls, it became
xxx INTRODUCTION.
necessary to hear evidence in order to arrive at the actual facts, and the result in each case being duly recorded, the files representing the dead were daily rendered more nearly
complete.
In view of these circumstances it would be anticipated that the Adjutant General's Office would now be able to furnish the most complete and reliable information extant with regard to the number and names of the dead. It might also be presumed that the number of men actually Killed in Battle could be most nearly approximated from the same source, while it would seem probable that a large proportion of those who died of wounds or of disease would appear simply as Dead, without any cause of death having been recorded. Each of these expectations is fully realized on an examination of the information derivable from this source.
In reply to an inquiry from the Surgeon General, the Adjutant General has furnished the following statement dated October 25, 1870:
" The total number of deaths, so far as known at the office, from the commencement to the close of the Rebellion, is as follows :
Regular Army, Commissioned Officers 267
Regular Army, Enlisted Men 4, 592
Volunteer Army, Commissioned Officers 8, 553
Volunteer Army, Enlisted Men '. 256, 427
Colored Troops, Commissioned Officers 285
Colored Troops, Enlisted Men -. 33, 380
Total number of deaths 303,504"
The commissioned officers of the Colored troops being almost without exception white, the above figures may be classified as follows :
Total mortality among White Officera and Men 270,124
Total mortality among Colored Men 33' 380
Total number of deaths 303 504
These numbers are to be understood as embracing the deaths from all causes, including the slain in battle and those who died while prisoners of war, or while absent on furlough or otherwise, so far as it has been possible to collect information with regard to them at the Adjutant General's Office up to the 25th of October, 1870.
The period represented by the words "from the commencement to the close of the Rebellion" in the above statement, was found, on inquiry at the Adjutant General's Office, to- have been used in the case of the Regular Army with a somewhat different significance from that with which it was employed in the case of the Volunteer Forces.
For the Regular Army the figures represent the number of officers and men who are known to have died between the 15th of April, 1861, and the 1st of June, 1865.
For the Volunteer Forces, both White and Colored, however, the figures embrace all the deaths known to have occurred in the volunteer organizations called out during the progress of the war up to the date of their muster out of the service. This date may be approximately fixed for the White troops at about the close of the last fiscal year repre- sented in this volume, though a few scattered Companies remained in service subsequently, the last of which, a Battalion of New Mexico Volunteer Cavalry, was not mustered out until November IS, 1867.
INTRODUCTION. XXXI
In the cases of the Colored Volunteers, the process went on more slowly, the last Regiment having been mustered out December 20, 1867.
In both cases it is to be understood that the number of dead given is derived from an actual count of the names of the individuals recorded as dead, and not from the consolidation of numerical returns of any kind. This circumstance renders it quite clear that the real number of deaths cannot be supposed to be less than the statement above given by the Adjutant General, and a consideration of the facts with regard to the additions made to the death files since the war, will give weight to the opinion that it cannot be materially greater.
It is true that, as has been already indicated, the death records of the Adjutant General's Office were quite incomplete at the close of the war; but the liberal policy pursued by the government in the matter of bounty, back pay and pensions, has undoubtedly resulted in ascertaining the facts with regard to the greater portion of those of the dead who were not properly included in the original files. Some notion of the extent of the work thus done, can be formed by comparing the statement now made by the Adjutant General, with former published statements based upon the records of his office at different intervals after the war. â–
Thus, for example, in Part VI of the Final Report of the Provost Marshal General to the Secretary of "War, dated March 17, 1866, there will be found under the head of "Casualties in the Military Forces" an official statement of the mortality of the Army as deduced from the muster rolls and returns of the Adjutant General's Office. This statement, which is given in tabular form on page 78 of the report, embraces a considerable number of items, the consolidation of which gives the following results:
Number of deaths among White Officers and Men .• 250 651
Number of deaths among Colored Men 29 038
Total 279,689
February 27, 1869, a report on the same subject was made by the Adjutant General to the Secretary of War, for the information of a Committee of the House of Represen- tatives. This report, a copy of which was furnished to the Surgeon General, contained a " Consolidated Statement of the number of Federal Soldiers who died in the Service of the United States during the Rebellion." A consolidation of the items of this table furnishes the following results :
Number of deaths among White Officers and Men : 261,036
Number of deaths among Colored Men 33, 380
Total 294,416
A comparison between these three sets of figures which show the number of deaths known to the office of the Adjutant General, in March 1866, February 1869, and October 1870, respectively, will afford some notion of the laborious and conscientious manner in which that officer and his assistants have endeavored to perfect the Official Record of Deaths.
XXXII INTRODUCTION.
The figures offered at the last date will probably receive still further accretions in the future; yet, as the number of new names added to the list during the three months immediately preceding October 25, 1870, was only one hundred, it cannot be presumed that the whole number finally recorded will be very much greater than that now presented.
In appreciating the evidence derived from this source, the possibility that a few deaths may have been erroneously recorded by mistake, or in consequence of fraudulent evidence, must, of course, receive consideration. It must also be confessed, that, notwith- standing all the pains taken, a certain number of deaths must eventually escape record. Nevertheless, when all the circumstances are taken into consideration, and especially the pecuniary interests involved, the scrutiny which this circumstance has compelled, the large number of names added to the list annually for several years after the close of the war, and the small number added recently, it may well be believed that a close approximation to the actual facts has now been attained.
The next source of information for consideration is the office of the Quartermaster General.
According to the Army Eegulations in force at the commencement of the war, it was the duty of the Quartermaster's Department to provide for the Burial of deceased soldiers. The great increase of the national forces caused by the war, and the large number of dead, suggested, early in the course of the struggle, the idea of National Cemeteries especially designed for this purpose.
By an act of Congress approved July 17, 1862, the President of the United States was authorized to purchase cemetery grounds and cause them to be enclosed for the burial of " the soldiers who shall die in the service of the Country."
After the close of the war it was deemed necessary to legislate still further on the subject, and it was provided by Public Resolution No. 21, approved April 13, 1866, " that the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and required to take immediate measures to preserve from desecration the graves of the soldiers of the United States, who fell in battle or died of disease in the field and in hospital during the War of the Rebellion; to secure suitable burial places in which they may be properly interred, and to have the grounds enclosed, so that the resting places of the honored dead may be kept sacred forever." J r
In the following year an act "to establish and protect National Cemeteries" was approved February 22, 1867, which provided in detail for the purchase of grounds, the management and inspection of cemeteries, and the punishment of any person who should mutilate monuments or injure the trees and plants.
lD °bedience *> tiie regulations in force at the commencement of the war, and to orders issued by the War Department, from time to time, in accordance with the spirit of these acts every effort would appear to have been made to collect the remains of the dead, to inter them decently, and to record all the facts known in connection with each grave. The thorough character of the work may be inferred from the circumstance that it has
INTRODUCTION. XXXIII
already cost upwards of thro.- millions of dollars. After no other war, whether of ancient or modern times, have any such systematic exertions been made to secure the collection of the dead and their interment in permanent resting places. It is proper, therefore, thai the statistician should give the fullest consideration to the information derivable from this source.
The Quartermaster General, in his annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, dated November 8, 1865, makes the following statement : "Under General Orders No. 40, of July 3, 1865, which, on the conclusion of the war. called upon the officers of this department for special reports of the number of interments registered during the war. reports have been received from officers in seventeen States, including the District of Columbia. They report the interments registered in their offices at 116,148. Of these there were whites, 95,803 ; colored, 20,345 ; loyal, 98,827 ; disloyal, 12,596; refugees, 600; contrabands, 4,125."
In his annual report for the following fiscal year, dated October. 1866, the same officer furnishes an elaborate account of the efforts being made under his supervision, to collect the remains of the dead and to establish National Cemeteries. Forty-one National Cemeteries had been established at the close of the fiscal year terminating June 30, 1866, and ten more had been determined upon. Four hundred and twelve cemeteries, not the property of the Nation, were known to contain the remains of soldiers. Up to the date mentioned 87,664 had been removed and reinterred ; the National Cemeteries already contained "the remains of 104,528 loyal soldiers." It was believed that 13~>,S81 bodies would yet have to be moved and reinterred, and the total number of the remains " of loyal soldiers" was estimated at 341,670.
As the work of collecting the remains of the deceased soldiers from battle-fields, way sides, and private cemeteries progressed, it was found that these estimates were not exact. The number of bodies which it seemed desirable to move and reinter, was found to be somewhat larger than had been anticipated, and the total number of remains proved considerably less than the estimate.
Inquiries made at the office of the Quartermaster General in November, 1870, showed that about two hundred and forty thousand bodies had been moved and reinterred, and a few hundred more still required the same care. At that time there were seventy-three National Cemeteries devoted exclusively to the burial of the dead who had fallen during the rebellion in the service of their country. Bodies of "deceased Union soldiers" were also known to be buried in three hundred and sixteen local, private, or post cemeteries. The total number of graves, so far as known, was 315,555. These were all believed to contain the bodies of Union soldiers who had died or been* killed during the rebellion, but of the whole number 172.100 only, or rather more than one-half, had been identified by name.
It appears, therefore, that while, as it has been shown, the names of 303,504 dead officers and soldiers are recorded in the office of the Adjutant General with every reasonable 5»
XXXIV INTRODUCTION.
probability that the list does not embrace quite the whole number, the records of the Quartermaster General show the existence of 315,555 graves, believed to contain the remains of officers and soldiers dead during the Rebellion. The question, therefore at once arises, what statistical value can be attached to the latter figures as indicating the real number of the dead"? There can be no doubt that the officers to whom the task of collecting the bodies of the dead was entrusted, performed their work with zeal and care. Yet from the very nature of the case, the greater portion of the labor was done after the war had closed, and most of the bodies collected from their temporary resting places on battle-fields, or elsewhere throughout the Southern States, had been several years in the ground. The whole country was divided into districts and the most careful inquiries were made by the officer in charge of the Cemeterial work of each, so that it is not likely that any considerable number of soldiers' graves could have escaped observation. But, on the other hand, is there no probability that in disinterring the nameless dead, the bodies of teamsters^ camp followers, refugees, fugitive slaves, or even Confederate soldiers may have been mis- taken at times for those of our own men ? There appears to be little doubt that those engaged upon the work took every reasonable precaution to avoid mistakes, and that every available source of information was freely consulted. Yet the extent to which clothing and arms captured from the United States were used by the Confederates, must have interfered considerably with the certainty of such identifications. Taking all the circumstances into consideration, it would hardly be possible therefore to regard the number of graves as affording any very precise indication of the mortality of our armies, if no other fact than this number existed for our guidance. Yet when the close agreement between the number of graves and the number actually known to be dead as shown by the evidence in the Adjutant General's Office is taken into consideration, there would appear to be no great difficulty in arriving at an approximative judgment. The real number is assuredly greater than the number of names recorded up to the present date at the office of the Adjutant General. It cannot reasonably be supposed to exceed the total number of graves. The truth must probably be between three hundred and four and three hundred and sixteen thousand deaths.
A comparison must now be made between the foregoing figures and the testimony to be derived from the office of the Surgeon General. About the date of the close of the war a scries of alphabetical registers of the dead were commenced in that office. In these books the names of the dead, as given on the monthly sick reports, were entered, and sub- sequently all the additional names found in the Registers of the closed hospitals and other records turned in to the office after the war, were carefully added, every pains being taken to avoid duplicating names. The Commissioner of Pensions soon adopted the practice of referring to the Surgeon General for information as to the Cause of Death of those soldiers whose widows or heirs applied for pension. The Adjutant General, in order to complete his death records, in the manner already described, applied for information as to the fate of many thousands of soldiers reported on the muster rolls as absent from their Regiments ;
INTRODUCTION. XXXV
the Paymaster General and Second Auditor made continual applications for similar infor- mation to enable them to settle claims for back pay or bounty, and all these demands have compelled a most pains-taking and thorough examination of the records.
A consideration of the sources from which the Surgeon General's records are derived would render it probable, even before examining the results, that while they would excel those of the Adjutant General in the presentation of details with regard to the nature of the Disease or Injury which was the Cause of Death, they would contain a much smaller number of dead men's names. These records are, in fact, principally derived from the reports and record books of the Medical Officers of the Army. They could not be expected to contain complete lists of those Killed in Battle, of those who died while Prisoners of War, or of the deaths in detachments unprovided with Medical Officers, and this has, in fact, proved to be the case. Yet although the number of dead recorded in the alphabetical death registers of the Surgeon General's Office is less than the total number reported by the Adjutant General, the figures differ much less than might have been anticipated.
A careful count of these death registers made in October 1870, for the purposes of this work, gives the following results.
The total number of deaths recorded, embracing officers and men of the Regular Army from April 15, 1861, to June 30, 18G5, inclusive, and officers and men of the Volunteer forces, both white and colored, while in service, from the date of their muster-in to the date of their muster-out, is 282,955, being 20,549 less than the corresponding figures of the Adjutant General, or about nine-tenths of what may be safely regarded as the whole number of deaths within the limits specified. The deaths contained in these registers are distributed as follows :
Regular Army, Officers and Enlisted Men .- j>« * J J
Volunteer Armv, Officers and Enlisted Men including Officer* of Colored 1 roops ••>, w»
Enlisted men of Colored Troops •"' "tM
Total j*?^
A detailed examination into the discrepancies existing between these figures and those of the Adjutant General shows that the chief difference exists in the case of the enlisted men of the Volunteer Army; the total number of dead among the enlisted men of the Volunteer Army as recorded in the office of the Adjutant General being 250,427, while the total number recorded in the office of the Surgeon General is but 237,150. The difference is 19,277, which is by far the greater portion of the total discrepancy. This discrepancy is mainly due to the opportunities enjoyed by the Adjutant General's Office for accumulating evidence of the fact of death in individual cases since the war. In the case of the Colored troops, also, the Adjutant General has a greater number of names, while, on the other hand, in the case of the Regular Army the records of the Surgeon General contain several hundred more names than are reported by the Adjutant General.
A further examination into the alphabetical registers of the Surgeon General's Office fully bears out the presumption that while they would contain a somewhat smaller number of names than have been recorded as dead by the Adjutant General, they might be
XXXVI INTRODUCTION.
expected to afford particulars as to the Cause of Death in a much greater number of instances, the principal exception being in the case of those who were Killed in Battle.
A comparison of the two sets of records would seem likely, therefore, to afford the means of arriving at some general conclusions with regard to the proportion of the whole number of the dead who were Killed in Battle, Died of Wounds, or Died of Disease.
The latest report by the Adjutant General which makes any discrimination between the several Causes of Death, is the report of February 27, 1869, to which allusion has already been made. Of the 294,416 deaths included in the report, 55,297 are given as dead of Unknown Causes. The rest are classified as Killed in Battle, Died of Wounds, Died of Disease, and died of Other Known Causes.
This report gives the number of Killed in Battle as 44,238 distributed as follows :
l,3T).r)
9
514
Regular Army, Officers ami Men % 41* '.Mi1
White Volunteers, Officers and Men. . j ' l^
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men ' '
Total killed in battle . 44'2'^
The alphabetical registers of the Surgeon General's Office contain, as already indicated, a much smaller number of deaths of this class. They sum up 35,40S, distributed as follows :
Regular Army, Officers and Men Wl
White Volunteers. Officers and Men »i w'|>
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men *72
Total killed in battle _j^L???
For the Killed in Battle, therefore, it is clear that the figures of the Adjutant General's report must be preferred ; yet in view of the 55,297 men borne on the same report as dead from Unknown Causes, it cannot be believed that even these figures represent the whole number Killed in Battle. They are simply to be regarded as the least numbers which can safely be employed to represent this category, and an additional estimated number should be added, to be determined after a consideration of the numbers which will be shown to have died from other causes.
Next, with regard to the number of those who Died of \\rounds. The report of the Adjutant General represents the total number of this class as 33,993, distributed as follows:
Regular Army, Officers and Men g50
White Volunteers, Officers nnd Men ''[\ gg 100
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men '.'.'.'.'.'.'. \ 037
Total died of wounds .j3 gy;{
The alphabetical registers of the Surgeon General's Office, however, permit us very materially to increase these figures. The total number of deaths from wounds and injuries recorded by name on them is 49,205, which are distributed as follows :
Regular Army, Officers and Men . *- .
White Volunteers, Officers and Men .J „-..
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 1 760
Total deaths from wounds and injuries iQ~90^
INTRODUCTION.
XXXVII
The same reason*, which rendered it proper to regard the ligures ot' the Adjutant General's report as the least number whieh ran be believed t<> represent the Killed in Battle, compel the recognition of the above count from the Surgeon General'* registers as the least number that can be believed to have Died from Wounds and Injuries.
There are besides on the registers the names of o0'2 officers and men reported to have committed Suicide, 103 Homicides, and 121 Executions, making a total of 52(5 deaths from these causes, distributed as follows: Regular Army 27
White Volunteers. Colored Voluiiteei
Total .suicides, homicides and executions
442
526
Next, with regard to the number who Died of Disease. The report of the Adjutant
General gives the number of this class as 119,013 distributed as follows:
Regular Anny, Officers and Men 2. 42H
White Volunteers, Officers and Men 120, 1"!
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men 26, 21 1
Total I49,«43
Here again the death registers of the Surgeon General's Oilice record a much largor
number of names. The total number of deaths of this class entered on the books being
186,216, distributed as follows:
Regular Army, Officers and Men •*• ""•'
White Volunteers, Officers and Men 'SSMS!!
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men
Total number of deaths from disc;
29, 212 186,210
Of course, in forming an estimate of the total number of Deaths from Disease, prefer- ence is to be given to these figures.
Seeiw then that the report of the Adjutant General affords the nearest approximation to the Whole Number of Deaths, and to the number Killed in Battle, while the registers of the Surgeon General's Oilice afford the nearest approximation to the number of deaths from Wounds and from Disease, we will find that of the whole number of deaths the causes of but 24,184 remain Unknown, and the following table presents a synoptical view of the conclusions indicated in the course of the foregoing remarks:
Killed in battle - - ;--.---
Died of wounds and injuries Suicide, homicide, and execu
Died of disease
Unknown causes
Total.
Whit
Colored
Regulars, y,,,,,,,,,,.,^ Vol.ii.teer..
1,355
1.174
27
3,009
159
41,369
1(5. -271
442
153, 995
23, 188
5,724 ! 261,265
1.514 1,760
r,7*
29.212 837
33,380
Total.
44.238
49. 2< 6
526
186.216
24,184
304,369
The total in this table foots up a few hundred deaths more than are reported by the Adjutant General, and this on account of the mortality of the Regular Army being
XXXVIII
INTRODUCTION.
estimated here as rather greater than is shown in his report. This greater estimate results partly from accepting as the number of Killed in Baltic anion- the Regular troops the number of names so reported to the Adjutant General, partly from the fact that the Surgeon General's Death Registers contain a larger number of names of regular soldiers dead of Wounds and Disease, and partly from the circumstance that the count of the latter has been made to go up to the close of the fiscal year terminating June 30, 1865, representing thus the deaths of one month more than is embraced in the Adjutant General s reports. By consolidating the deaths from violent causes in the foregoing table we obtain the following general view:
Violent deaths ...
Deaths from dine; Unknown causes.
Regular*.
2. r.56
3,009
159
White Volunteers.
88, 082 lift, 995
23. 188
Total
5, 724
2G5, 265
Colored Volunteers.
3, 331 29,212
837
Total.
93,9(59 186,216
24, 184
33, 380 304, 369
From this view it will be seen that of 280,185 deaths from known causes, the proportion of violent deaths to the whole number was one out of every three deaths. A very great difference, however, existed between the White and Colored troops in these respects. In the case of the White troops, out of 247,642 deaths from known causes, the proportion of violent deaths to the whole number of deaths was one out of every two and seven-tenths. In tbe case of the Colored troops out of 32,543 deaths from known causes the proportion of violent deaths to the whole number of deaths was one out of every nine and eight-tenths. Borne difference also appears to exist in this respect between the Regular and Volunteer troops ; the proportion of violent deaths to the whole number of deaths from known causes being one to two and two-tenths for the first, and one to two and seven-tenths for the second of these classes. It is true that these figures do not represent the whole number of deaths, nevertheless the deaths from unknown causes bear so small a proportion to the whole number, and the probability- that these also are distributed in nearly the same manner among the several causes is so great that it cannot be supposed the general result would be materially modified had it been possible to ascertain the cause of death in every case.
It is desirable next to endeavor to form an estimate of the ratio existing between the number of deaths and the the number of troops engaged. This has already been done in various quarters, on entirely dissimilar principles. In the first place, the number of deaths has been compared with the total number of enlistments; but it will at once be seen that on this plan we shall get no results which can be fairly compared with the death rates of civil populations; for the term of service for which the troops were enlisted during the war was shorter than the duration of the war itself; some were enlisted for three months, some for one hundred days, some for one year, some for three years or more; and since the same man, in vast numbers of cases, was re-enlisted, often several times during the
INTRODUCTION. XXXIX'
war, the total number of enlistments does not bear any such relationship to the men engaged as would indicate their actual number.
Another method employed has hern to compare the number of deaths with the number of enlistments reduced to terms of service of three years. This has been done bv countinc three enlistments for one year, or twelve for three months, as one three year's enlistment. The number of three year's enlistments thus obtained is stated in the report of the Adjutant General of February, 18G9, as 2,073,112 white enlisted men. The total number of com- missions issued to white officers was 83,935, and the total number of colored enlistments 178,895. It is remarked in the report that the number of officers and colored enlistments are "all considered three years; most were recruited for that period, and those for shorter periods cannot be classed without a laborious examination of numerous muster rolls."
It is obvious, however, that these figures could not be used for our present purpose, even were they all reduced to term*? of service of three years, for immense numbers of men enlisted or were commissioned more than once in three-year organizations, hence appearing twice or oftener in the above enumeration, and without such an investigation of the rolls as is not at present practicable, it would not be possible to ascertain the number of such cases. Moreover, there are no means, short of following out the history of each man on the rolls, of ascertaining the time which those who enlisted for three years actually served. Besides those who died or were discharged for disability at various periods of their term of service, it is well known that the large local bounties induced many men to desert at an early period, who speedily enlisted again in some other organization in order to secure a double bounty ; in short, it would appear impossible, at the present time, to arrive at such definite results with regard to this subject as would serve as a sound basis for the calcula- tion of instructive ratios.
Another plan remains which, though it cannot be hoped to be made perfectly accu- rate, would seem to offer the greatest probability of arriving at valuable results.
The actual strength of the army, as ascertained at certain dates during the progress of the war, may be made use of to calculate the mean strength constantly in service, and this result may be compared with the number of deaths known to have occurred during the period represented.
In the case of the Colored troops, the Adjutant General has furnished to the Surgeon General a complete statement showing separately the number of commissioned officers and enlisted men of these organizations, present and absent, from September, 1862, till Decem- ber, 1867, when the last colored regiment was mustered out of service, being a period of five years and four months. From this statement the following average mean strength for the period has been computed for enlisted men only. Average strength present, 35,640 ; absent, 6,699; aggregate, 42,339. The total number of deaths for the same period among the colored enlisted men was 33,380, being at the rate of 6,259 deaths for each year, or an annual death-rate of 148 per 1000 of average aggregate mean strength. Subdividing this death-rate, in accordance with the ratio of violent to other deaths already indicated
XL
INTRODUCTION.
for this class, we shall have an annual ratio of 15 violent deaths an J 133 deaths from disease per 1,000 of strength.-
In the ease of the Regular Army, the Adjutant General has published reports of the strength present and absent at various dates, from which those representing the strength on the first of each year have been selected. The figures, as here presented, include both officers and men.
|
- |
- |
Present. 11,(503 |
A Wnt. 1,704 a, 554 0,20 1 7, 39!) 7, 358 |
Aggregate. 10, 307 |
|
|
- * 1, 1862 |
19,871 |
22, 425 |
|||
|
19,1 GO |
25, 403 |
||||
|
17,8:17 i |
24,030 |
||||
|
" 1. 18(55 |
•» |
14, CGI |
22,019 |
||
|
' |
|||||
|
i 17, 735 |
5, 194 |
22, 929 |
The total number of deaths in the Regular Army being 5,724 between the 15th of April, 1861, and SOthof June, 1865, a period of four years two months and a half, would give an annual average of 1,360 deaths, or an annual death-rate of 59 per 1.000 of strength, which, divided between violent deaths and those from disease, would give an annual ratio of 27 violent deaths and 32 deaths from disease per 1,000 of strength.
The strength of the White Volunteers on certain dates may be obtained by subtracting from statements made by the Adjutant General giving the strength of the total Volunteer force at certain dates during the war, the known strength of the Colored enlisted men for the same month, and using the resulting figures as data For computing the mean. The following table, in which both officers and men arc included, was obtained in this manner :
July 1, 1801. 1G9.480
January 1, 1802
" " 1. 1803
1, 18C.4
1. lriffi
March 31, 181©
Present. Absent. Aggregate
Average mean strength t
507, 333 070, 175 540, 043 523, 530 554,720
544,704
849 40, 159 212, 859 237, 650 309, 395 294,351
190, 803
170, 329 553, 492 889, 034 778,293
832, 931 849, 071
741, 507
The total number of deaths of this class has been stated above at 265,265. Of this number, however, the death registers of the Surgeon General's Office show that 4^553 died subsequently to June 30, 1865, which would leave a total of 260,712 deaths from the outbreak of the War to that time, being at the rate of 65,178 deaths annually, or 88
* Calculated by the formula given in the "English Life Table." London, 1804. Page XV.
t Calculated by the formula just cited, with the modifications required by the* irregular dates of the enumerations at the beginning and end of the series. The count of March 31, 1805, is assumed as the mean of the six months in the middle of which it was made. The number in service increased up to May 1, 1805, (see the Report of the Secretary of War for the year ending June 30. 1860, page 78,) and decreased rapidly during the two following months.
INTRODUCTION. XLI
per 1,000 of average aggregate mean strength. Subdividing this ratio between violent deaths and deaths from disease in accordance to the proportion of these classes already indicated, we shall have an annual ratio of 33 violent deaths and 55 deaths from disease per 1.000 of average aggregate strength.
Having thus, from independent sources, arrived at a general view of the total mortality of our forces during the War, we are now prepared to make use of the conclusions thus obtained as affording the means of forming a judgment with regard to the completeness of the tables contained in this volume.
The total number of deaths embraced in the tables for White troops, which include the officers as well as the men of both Regular and Volunteer organizations, is shown in Table C, page 641, to be 166,023. The total number of deaths of Colored enlisted men contained in the tables for Colored troops is shown in Table CXI, page 710, to be 29,004, making an aggregate of 195,627 deaths. But, as has been fully explained already, these tables do not include the Killed in Battle, those who died while Prisoners of War, or any of those who died while absent from their commands, excepting only the deaths in hospital Now, of the whole number of 304,369 deaths known to have occurred during the War, we have already seen that at least 44.238 were Killed in Battle. The report of the Adjutant General of February, 1869, sets forth also 26,168 deaths, included in the whole number as having occurred among those of our men who were prisoners in the hands of the enemy. There are no means of ascertaining, with precision, the number of deaths among others absent from their commands; but if the two items just given, neither of which can be regarded as representing all the deaths of the categories specified, bo deducted from the whole number, we shall have 233,963 deaths remaining, the greater portion of which ought to appear upon the tables if these were absolutely complete. But the number the tables actually contain is 195,627, or eighty-three hundredths of the whole number of deaths which remain, after deducting the Killed in Battle and the deaths among Prisoners of War. So that, in a general way, it may fairly be concluded that the tables cover about nine- tenths of the class of facts they are intended to embrace. This proportion is certainly large enough to give great weight to their indications with regard to the comparative frequency and mortality of different diseases, of the same disease at various times and in different regions, and some other important questions with regard to the sickness and mortality of our armies during the War.
Besides the sickness and mortality tables this volume contains synoptical tables showing the causes of Discharge of enlisted men from the service on surgeon's certificate of disability, for White and Colored troops separately. These tables were made up from the lists of discharges accompanying reports of medical officers to the Surgeon General. These lists specified the discharged soldiers by name, and were intended to set forth the cause and date of discharge in-each case. A count of the discharged soldiers thus reported shows a total' of 215,312 white and 8,223 colored troops, which are the numbers represented in the tables.
6»
XL1I INTRODUCTION.
The Adjutant General, in his letter to the Surgeon General of October 25, 1870, states the number borne on the rolls filed in his office as discharged for disability, as follows :
Enlisted Men of the Regular Army 6 541
Enlisted Men of the Volunteer Army \ " ... 269' 197
Enlisted Men of Colored Troops 0/ 807
Total 285, 545
This number may safely be taken as a close approximation to the actual number of cases.
Unfortunately the reports made to the Surgeon General did not always specify dis- tinctly the cause of discharge, as was required by the regulations on the subject, and hence it will be seen by an examination of Tables CI and 0X11 that of the whole number reported there were 25,915 discharges of white and 1,226 of colored enlisted men, the causes of which cannot be stated. There still remain, however, 189,397 discharges of white, and 6,997 of colored soldiers, which are distributed among the several causes of discharge, and this is a sufficiently large proportion to enable valuable deductions to be made from the facts presented.
In the preparation of Tables CI and CXII it was deemed advisable to depart somewhat from the list of diseases used in the tabular form of sick report, which served for the con- struction of the tables of Sickness and Mortality, in order that the tables might correspond, as closely as possible, with the reports made. Moreover, on account of the number of men reported as discharged from service on account of Old Age, Deformities, and other conditions belonging to Dr. Farr's class of Developmental Diseases, it was thought best to represent this class also, on these two tables. Almost without exception the causes of discharge reported under this head existed prior to the enlistment of the soldier, and ought to have prevented him from being received into the service.
With the foregoing considerations, the tables embraced in this volume are now sub- mitted to the consideration of medical statisticians, as the first installment of the Medical History of the War. The writer regrets greatly the necessity of publishing first these dry and severe details, in which It can hardly be expected the general medical reader will be able to take much interest. This course was rendered imperative, however, by the fact that in the subsequent volumes it will frequently be necessary to refer to statistical considerations, which could not be accurately done until the tabulations of the present volume were complete; and the tabulations having been completed, it appeared a duty to place them as soon as possible at the disposal of the other students of this subject, throughout the world.
.n the Second Volume of this work it is proposed to discuss in detail, the Diseases which were the chief causes of the sickness, the mortality, and the discharges for disability recorded m this. Histories of cases, accounts of pathological investigations, records of the work done in the Army Medical Museum, and extracts from reports with regard to particular diseases made from time to time to the Surgeon General, will be published, so far as seems desirable to represent the more important facts in connection with these subjects ; and
INTRODUCTION. „XLIH
an attempt will bo made to offer such commentaries on the evidence recorded as may seem likdv to facilitate the examination of the topics discussed, by those who are engaged in the study of the sickness and mortality of armies.
An examination of Tables C and CXI will show at a glance the subjects which must necessarily receive chief attention.
Foremost will be Camp Diarrhoea, and Dysentery, and Camp Fevers. Table C exhibits 129,386 deaths from disease among White troops, distributed among their several causes. Table CXI contains 27,499 deaths from disease among Colored troops, distributed in like manner. It will be seen that of these numbers 37,794 deaths of white and 6,764 of Colored troops were due to the several forms of Diarrhoea and Dysenterv, which must, therefore, be regarded as the most important causes of the mortality from disease in our armies. Next come the several forms of Camp Fever reported under such heads as Typhoid, Typhus, Common Continued, Remittent, and Typho-Malarial Fevers. To these the tables attribute 35,965 deaths of White, and 4,691 of Colored troops.
The next most important cause of death among the troops was Pneumonia, of which 14,738 deaths of White, and 5,233 of Colored troops arc reported.
Among the other leading causes of mortality are Small Pox and Varioloid, Measles, Consumption, and Intermittent Fevers.
In the matter of discharges for disability other affections assume prominence. Thus, from Tables CI and CXII, it will be seen that the affections which caused the largest number of discharges among White troops were: Consumption, 20,403; Diarrhoea and Dysentery. 17,389; Debility, 14,500; Rheumatism, 11,779; Heart Diseases, 10,63ti. Among the Colored troops the chief causes of discharge were: Rheumatism, 874; Con- sumption, 592* Debility, 540, and Diarrhoea and Dysentery, 359.
This brief enumeration, which can readily be extended by the reader on an exam- ination of the tables, will serve to indicate some of the more important subjects which must receive consideration in the next volume, for the completion of which, however, considerable labor will yet be required.
J. J. WOODWARD
P^RT I -WHITE TROOPS.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS PRIOR TO JULY 1, 1861.
The reports received, chiefly from the three months' volunteers, prior to July 1, 1861, or the commencement of the first fiscal year of the war, have been consolidated into three tables.
1. Atlantic Region, Table I.
2. Central Region, Table II.
3. Consolidated table including both regions, Table IH.
1. AUantk Region — Table I.
The reports embraced in this table were received from regiments of the column under General Robert Patterson for May and June, 1861, from regiments in and around Washington, D. C, under General I. McDowell and Colonel J. K. F. Mansfield, for the same months, and from regiments in the vicinity of Fortress Monroe, under General B. F. Butler, for the month of June only.
2. Central Region—- Table II.
This table is made up from reports received from the Department of the Ohio, commanded by General George B. McClellan, for the month of June, 1861. and chiefly from regiments in Western Virginia, or the adjoining portion of Ohio.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE I.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of Troops in the Atlantic Region prior to
July 1, 1861.
Year.
Month
Mean Strength.
1801.
Mat.
LIST OF DISEASE8.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER J.— Miasmatic Diitatu.
1. TyphusFever
2. Typhoid Fever.
3. Common Continued Fever
4. Remittent Fever
5. Quotidian Intermittent Fever. .
6. Tertian Intermittent Fover
7. Quartan Intermittent Fever
8. Congestive Intermittent Fever.
9. Acute Diarrhoea
10. Chronio Diarrhoea
1L Acute Dysentery
12. Chronio Dysentery
13. Erysipelas
1 4. Rmnll -pox and Varioloid
15. Measles
16. Scarlet Fever
17. Mumps.
18. Epidemic Catarrh
19. Debility
20. Other Diseases of this Order. ...
ORDER IL— Entlutic Ditto***.
2L Syphilis •
22. Gonorrhoea
23. Orchitis
94. Stricture of the Urethra.
25. Serpent Bite
26. Other Diseases of this Order
Order UL—Dietic Duetuu.
27. Scurvy.
28. Delirium Tremens.
29. Inebriation
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER L— Diathetic Dittatu.
30. Geo*
31. Acute Rheumatism
32. Chronio Rheumatism
33. Anaemia
34. General Dropsy
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
37. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diteate*.
38. Consumption.
39. 8crofnla
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES. 40. Worms.
Carried forward..
16, 161.
Cases. Deaths.
7 17 25 38 51 19 22
2
1,217
61
104
2 15
8
3
15 16 29 83
90 266
21 2
7 18 20
120
104
6
1
22
16 3
2,433
JUNE.
48,360.
Cases.
Deaths.
8
45
93
155
206
226
11
22
6,601
101
715
29
40
38
350
63
49
302
158
265
431
52
14
3
6
9
26
7
467
199
6
3
5
7
42
65 7
15
10,847
13
25
Total.
Cases.
15
62
118
193
257
245
33
24
7,818
162
819
31
55
46
359
78
65
331
241
355 «7
73
16
3
13 27 46
7 587 303
12
4
5
7
64
81 10
18
13,280
Deaths.
1 17
31
PRIOR TO JUL? 1, 1861.
5
TABLE I.— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued
YEAB
Month
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
Order I.—Discate* of Ncrvou* Syttem.
41. Apoplexy
42. Headache
43. Inflammation of Brain
44. Epilepsy
45. Sun-stroke
46. Insanity
47. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.
48. Nostalgia
49. Neuralgia
50. Toothache
51. Paralysis
52. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VL—Dittaitt of Eye.
53. Amaurosis
54. Cataract
55. Inflammation of Iris
56. Night Blindness
57. Ophthalmia
5a Other Diseases of this Order
OBDEB ILL— Di*ea*e* of Ear. 50. Earache
60. Inflammation of Internal Ear
61. Otorrheas
62. Deafness
63. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER W.—Dittau* of Organs of Circulation.
64. Aneurism
65. Inflammation of Heart
66. Inflammation of Endocardium .
67. Inflammation of Pericardium. .
68. Inflammation of Veins
09. Varicocele
7a Varicose Veins
71. Other Diseases of this Order . .
Order V.— Ditto*** of Eespiratory Organ*.
72. Asthma
73. Acute Bronchitis
74. Chronic Bronchitis
75. Catarrh
76. Hemorrhage from Koee
77. Hemorrhage from Langs
78. Dropsy of Cheat
79. Inflammation of Larynx
80. Inflammation of Pleura
8L Inflammation of Lungs
82. Other Diseases of this Order.
OBDEB YJ.—Di*ea*e* of Digtttivt Organ*.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
84. Cholera Morbus
85. Colio
86. Constipation
87. Dyspepsia
CwtVmI fuswsud.
1861.
Mat.
June.
16, 161.
Cases.
2,433
2
83
5
15
16
3
1 71 56
Deaths.
15
1 1 1
55 11
13 4
6
1 1
3
7
11
9
138
13
812
9
8
32
39 79 40
11
72
253
87
4,414
48,360.
Cases.
IS
10,847
3 176
42
20
49
15
4
7
114
155
5
34
Deaths.
117
42
90 11
34 5
11
29 11 10
19 484
19 762
15
37 1
50
94 122
85
184 364 813 154
14,979
25
Total.
Cases.
Deaths.
13,280
5
259
47
35
65
15
7
8
185
211
5
49
2
1 5
31
1
10 1
179 S3
33 15 40 6
12
33 18 21
28 623
39 1,574
17
45 1
82 133 301 199
195
941
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP WHITE TROOPS
TABLE I.— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
Year.. Month.
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward
Order VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
88. Inflammation of Bowels
89. Inflammation of Stomach
90. Fistula
91. Hemorrhage from Stomach
92. Piles
93. Acute Inflammation of Liver
94. Chronic Inflammation of Liver
95. Hernia
96. Jaundice
97. Prolapsus Ani
98. Inflammation of the PeritonsBum
99. Inflammation of 8pleen
100. Inflammation of Tonsils
10L Other Diseases of this Order
1861.
May.
16, 161.
Cases.
Order VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel
103. Inflammation of Bladder
104. Diabetes â–
105. Incontinence of Urine •
106. Difficulty of Urination
107. Inflammation of Kidneys
ica Hydrocele and Hematocele
109. 8arcocele
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis
111. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VDX— Diseases of Bows and Joints.
112. Anchylosis t
113. Exostosis
114. Whits Swelling
H5. Necrosis
Order IX— Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess
117. Carbuncle
Ua Whitlow
119. Boil
120. Skin Diseases
121. Ulcers
122. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.
123. Burns
124. Concussion of Brain
125. Compression of Brain
126. Contusion
127. Fracture
128. Dislocation
129. Sprain
13a Incised Wounds
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds .
132. Punctured Wounds
133. Gunshot Wounds
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide
136. Others of this Class
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
Torsi
4,414
7
12 1
2 41
4
7
25
1
6
1
78
53
1 13 8
38 16 14 31 39 25 6
50 11
16 37 25
43
26
Deaths.
12
June.
total.
48,360.
Cases.
14,979
21 38
5
18
125
44
fi 52
1
4 32
259 76
1
3
1
1
10
15
3
11
13
15
108 38 45
G2
101
73
16
23
4
109
16 15 29 103 102 36 96 22
Deaths.
39
33
Cases.
19,393
28
50
G
20
166
48
13
77
1
5
38
1
337
129
1
3
1
1
10
21
3
12
M
23
3
8
146 54
59
93
140
98 22
26
4
159 27
15
45
140
127
79
122
22
Deaths.
51
34
35
26
5,130
19
207 U0
17,054
1
4
77
242
136
22,184
1 10
96
PEIOR TO JULY 1, 1861.
TABLE II.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of Troops in the Central Region prior to
July 1, 1861.
Year
Month.
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic DUtaitt.
L TyphusFever
2. Typhoid Fever.
3. Common Continued Fever
4. Remittent Ferer.
5. Quotidian Intermittent Fever . .
6. Tertian Intermittent Fever.
7. Quartan Intermittent Fever
8. Congestive Intermittent Fever.
9. Acute Diarrhoea.
10. Chronic Diarrhoea
11. Aonte Dysentery
12. Chronio Dysentery
la Erysipelas
14. Small-pox and Varioloid
15. Measles
16. Scarlet Fever
17. Mumps.
18. Epidemio Catarrh .'
19. Debility
20. Other Diseases of this Order...
Order JL—Enthetic DUtatu.
ZL Syphilis
22. Gonorrhoea
23. Orchitis
24. Stricture of the Urethra
25. Serpent Bite
26. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order DX— Dittie DUtaatt.
27. Scurvy
28. Delirium Tremens..
29. Inebriation.
1801.
JUNE.
18,590.
Cases. Deaths.
5
35
11
109
132
1G8
38
12
644
102
175
21
10
U8
a
128 27
CI
225
38
1 5
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
Order L— Diathetic Dueatti.
3a Goat
31. Acute Rheumatism .....
32. Chronio Rheumatism
33. **»—"<» .l. .......
34. General Dropsy
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
37. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER EL— Tubercular Dimmttl.
38. Consumption.
39. Scrofula
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
4a w<
5
6
11
4 44 84
S
20
2
14
Carried forward..
*«
8
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE II.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
Year..
Month.
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
Order I.— Diseases of the Nervous System.
41. Apoplexy.
42. Headache.
43. Inflammation of Brain
44. Epilepsy
45. San-stroke
46. Insanity
47. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain..
48. Nostalgia
49. Neuralgia.
50. Toothache
5L Paralysis
52. Other Diseases of this Order
Order IL— Diseases of the Eye.
53. Amaurosis
54. Cataract
55. Inflammation of Iris.
56. Night Blindness.
57. Ophthalmia
58. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order m.— Diseases of the Ear.
59. Earache
60. Inflammation of Internal Ear .
61. Otorrhosa
62. Deafness. .
63. Other Diseases of this Order..
Order IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
64. Aneurism
65. Inflammation of Heart ........
66. Inflammation of Endocardium.
67. Inflammation of Pericardium . .
68. Inflammation of Veins
69. Varicocele
7a Varicose Veins
71. Other Diseases of this Order...
Order V. —Disease* of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma.
73. Acute Bronchitis
74. Chronio Bronchitis
75. Catarrh
76. Hemorrhage from Nose
77. Hemorrhage from Lungs
78. Dropsy of Chest
79. Inflammation of Larynx
80. Inflammation of Pleura
81. Inflammation of Lungs
82. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VL— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy.
84. Cholera Morbus
85. Colic
86. Constipation .
87. Dyspepsia...
1861.
June.
18,590.
Cases.
3,056
1 21 3 7 9 5
57
63
116
1 10
2
179
2
31 36 9 2
5 98
1
438
39
6
1
36
917
15
47 48
196 6
Deaths.
Carried forward.
4,764
11
PRIOR TO JULY 1, 1861.
TABLE II.— CENTRAL REGION— Conclnded.
YEAR
Month
Mean Stkexgth.
1801.
JCSE.
18,590.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Brought forward -
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
S8. Inflammation of Bowels...
89. Inflammation of Stomach.
90. Fistula
4.7G4
1 •1 10
91. Haemorrhage from Stomach.
92. Piles
93. Acuto Inflammation of Liver.. .
94. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
95. Hernia
9G. Jaundice
97. Prolapsus Ani
98. Inflammation of Peritonroum...
99. Inflammation of Spleen
100. Inflammation of Tonsils
101. Other Diseases of this Order...
20
11 13
2
17
4
1
93
58
Order VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel
103. Inflammation of Bladder.
104. Diabetes
105. Incontinence of Urine
106. Difficulty of Urination
107. Inflammation of Kidneys
1C8. Ilydrocelc and Hematocele —
109. Sarcocele
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis.
111. Other Diseases of this Order. .
Order Vm. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
112. Anchylosis
113. Exostosis
114. White Swelling.
115. Necrosis
ORDER IX.— Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess —
117. Carbuncle.
118. Whitlow..
119. Boil
120. Skin Diseases
121. Ulcers
122. Other Diseases of this Order.
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.
123. Burns
124. Concussion of Brain
125. Compression of Brai n
126. Contusion
127. Fracture
128. Dislocation
129. Sprain
130. Incised Wounds
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds.
132. Punctured Wounds
133. Gunshot Wounds
134. Poisoning. -
135. Suicide
136. Others of this Class
14
32 24
3 23 158 20
5
e
3
1
25 14
9 46 24 30 12 11
1
137. Unclassified Diseases
Total.
5,533
Deaths.
11
10
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE III.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of the Troops in the Atlantic and Central Regions
prior to July 1, 1861.
Year
Month
Mean Strength
1801.
May.
16, 161.
LI8T OF DISEASES.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
Order l.—Miamatic Discattt.
1. Typhus Fever
2. Typhoid Fever
3. Common Continued Fever
4. Remittent Fever
5. Quotidian Intermittent Fever .
6. Tertian Intermittent Fever —
7. Quartan Intermittent Fever —
8. Congestive Intermittent Fever
9. Acute Diarrhoea
10. Chronic Diarrhoea
11. Acute Dysentery
12. Chronic Dysontery
13. Erysipelas
14. Small-pox and Varioloid
15. Measles
16. 8carlet Fever
17. Mumps
18. Epidemic Catarrh
19. Debility
90. Other Diseases of this Order...
Order IL — Enthetic Diuatei.
21. Syphilis
22. Gonorrhoea
23. Orchitis
24. Stricture of the Urethra
25. Serpent Bite
26. Other Diseases of this Order
Order III.— Dittic Dittattt.
27. Scurvy
28. Delirium Tremens
29. Inebriation
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
Order I.— Diathetic Diitatu. 30. Gout
31. Acute Rheumatism
32. Chronic Rheumatism
33. Ansnnla
34. General Dropsy
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
37. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diitata.
38. Consumption
39. Scrofula
Cases.
7 17 25 38 51 19 22
2
1,217
61
104
2 15
8
3
15 1G 29 83
90
266
21
2
7 18 20
120
104
6
1
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES. 40. Worms
Carried forward.
22
16 3
2,433
Deaths.
June.
C6.950.
Cases.
Deaths.
13
80
104
264
338
394
49
34
7,245
203
890
50
50
38
1,138
181
52
430
185
326
656
90
15 8
11 15 37
11
511
283
8
3
25
9
66
73 7
21
13,903
2 13
30
Total,
Cases.
Deaths.
20
97
129
302
389
413
71
36
8,462
264
J*f4
52
05
46
1,141
196
68
459
268
416 922 111
17 8
18 33 J7
11
631
387
14
4 25
9 78
10
16,336
PRIOR TO JULY 1, 1801.
11
TABLE IU.— ATLANTIC AND CENTRAL REGIONS— Continued.
YEAB
Month
Mean Strength
LIST OF DISEASES.
1801.
May.
16, 161.
Cases.
Brought forward
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES. Order L — Dittatet of Nervoiu SyiUm.
41. Apoplexy
42. Headache
43. Inflammation of Brain
44. Epilepsy
45. Sun-stroke
46. Insanity
47. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain. 4a Nostalgia
49. Neuralgia
50. Toothache
51. Paralysis
52. Other Diseases of this Order
Order YL—Dittattt of Eye.
53. Amaurosis
54. Cataract
55. Inflammation of Iris
56. Night Blindness
57. Ophthalmia
56. Other Diseases of this Order
Order ILL— Dittatt* of Ear.
59. Earache
60. Inflammation of Internal Ear
61. Otorrhoea •. '.
62. Deafness
63. Other Diseases of this Order ,
ORDER I V.— Ditcatet of Or gam of Circulation.
64. Aneurism
65. Inflammation of Heart
66. Inflammation of Endocardium
67. Inflammation of Perionrdium
68. Inflammation of Veins
69. Varicocele
70. Varicose Veins.: ,
71. Other Diseases of this Order ,
Order V<— Dittatt* of Stspiratory Organ*.
72. Asthma
73. Acute Bronchitis
74. Chronic Bronchitis
74 Catarrh
76. Haemorrhage from Nose
77. Hemorrhage from Longs
78. Dropsy of Chest
79. Inflammation of Larynx ,
80. Inflammation of Pleura
81. Inflammation of Longs
82. Other Diseases of this Order
Order YL— Dittatt* of Digutivt Organ*.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
84. Cholera Morbus
85. Colic
8a Constipation
87. Dyspepsia
Carried forward.
2,433
2 83
5 15
1(5
Deaths.
3
1 71 5T»
15
1 1 1
55 11
13
4 6
1 1
Jlxe.
66,950.
Cases.
3
7
11
9
138
13
812
2
8
13,903
4
197
45
27
58
20
4
64
177
271
C
44
Deaths.
30
32 39 79
40
11
72
253
87
«,414
4
2
296
44
51
47
43
7
11
12
30 12 12
24 5£2
20 1,200
47
43 1
51 130 339 100
231
412
1,009
160
19,743
Total
Cases.
1C.33G
C
280
50
42
74
20
7
05
248
327
6
59
3 1 5 2 351
as
64
51
49
8 12
33 19 23
33 720
33 2,012
49
51 1
83 169 418 140
SO
242
484
1,209
247
94,157
Deatbi.
3G
1 10
1
G2
12
8ICKNE88 AND MORTALITY OP WHITE TROOPS
TABLE in.— ATLANTIC AND CENTRAL REGIONS— Concluded.
YEAK
MONTH
Mean Strenoth
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
ORDER VL — Diseases of Digestive Organ* — Continued.
88. Inflammation of Bowels
89. Inflammation of Stomach
90. Fistula
91. Haemorrhage from Stomach
92. Piles
93. Acute Inflammation of Liver
94. Chronio Inflammation of Liver
95. Hernia
96. Jaundice
97. Prolapsus Ani !
98. Inflammation of the Peritonaeum
99. Inflammation of Spleen
100. Inflammation of Tonsils
101. Other Diseases of this Order
1801.
Mat.
June.
Total.
16,161.
66,930.
Cases.
Deaths.
('uses.
Deuths.
ORDER VH. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel
103. Inflammation of Bladder
104. Diabetes
105. Incontinence of Urine
106. Difficulty of Urination
107. Inflammation of Kidneys
108. Hydrocele and Hematocele ,
109. Sarcocele
110. Non-Syphilitio Ulcer of Penis
111. Other Diseases of this Order
Order V1IL — Diseases qf Bona and Joints. U2. Anchylosis
113. Exostosis
114. White Swelling
115. Necrosis
ORDER IX.— Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess
117. Carbuncle
118. Whitlow
119. Bon
120. Skin Diseases
121. Ulcers
122. Other Diseases of this Order
4,414
7 19 1
o
41
4
7
25
1 ,
6
1
78 53
1
13
8
12
CLASS V— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.
123. Bums
124. Concussion of Brain
125. Compression of Brain
126. Contusion
127. Fracture
128. Dislocation
129. Sprain
130. Incised Wounds
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
132. Punctured Wounds
133. Gunshot Wounds
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide
136. Others of this Class
137. Unclassified Diseases
Total ,
38 16 14 31 39 25 6
50 11
16
37 25 43 26
35
26
5,130
19, 743
22 42 IS
18
151
M
17
C7
3
21
M
1
359
134
1
3
1
1
19
17
3
11
15
18
so
1
15
140 62
48 85 250
93 21
31 7 1
134 30 24 75
127
132 48
108 23
24,157
99
54
li.
20
109
68
24
99
3
22
42
2
430
187
Deaths.
09
1
3
1
1
19
23
3
12
28
20
19
S3S 119
22,587
39
99
3
22
178
78
â–
116
296
116
27
34
7 1
184 41 94 91
164
157 91
134 93
967 138
27,717
1 40
1
1
11 118
FOB THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802. J 3
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS DURING THE FIRST
FISCAL YEAR OF THE WAR.
(Fkom July 1, 1861, to June 30, 1862.)
ATLANTIC REGION.
The reports of sick and wounded from this region are here presented consolidated into statistical tables for seven armies or departments, as follows:
1. The Middle Department ------- Table IV.
2. The Department of the Shenandoah Table V.
3. The Army of the Potomac ------- Table VI.
4. The Department of the Rappahannock ----- Table VII.
5. The Department of Virginia - Table VIII.
6. The Department of North Carolina ----- Table IX.
7. The Department of the South ----- -Table X.
To these tables are added —
8. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals of the
Atlantic Region -------- Table XI.
9. A consolidated table for the Atlantic Region - - - - Table XII.
The reports from stations in the New England and Middle States are too incomplete to render it advisable to undertake the construction of a statistical table for that region.
The following remarks will indicate what portions of the troops operating in the Atlantic Region are embraced in each of the above divisions.
1. The Middle Department — Table IV.
The Middle Department was created March 22, 1862, by General Orders, No. 28, but for convenience the name is here applied for the whole year to the region including Baltimore and the portions of Maryland indicated in the following paragraph.
It embraces for July the Department of Annapolis, which was created by General Orders, No. 12, April 27, 1861, to include the country for twenty miles on each side of
14 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
the railroad from Annapolis to the city of Washington, as far as Bladensburg, Maryland, General B. F. Butler to command; headquarters after the middle of May being fixed in Baltimore. July 25th the Department of Annapolis was merged into the Department of Pennsylvania, which was to consist of the States of Pennsylvania and Delaware and the State of Maryland, with the exception of the counties of Washington, Alleghany, Prince George, Montgomery, and Frederick. Only the troops in the part of Maryland thus defined are here included: General J. A. Dix was in command. August 17,1861, this portion of Maryland was added to the Department of the Potomac, a part of which it continued to be, though still under the immediate command of General Dix, until March 22, 1862, when the Middle Department was created, to consist of the States of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Virginia, and the counties of Cecil, Hartford, Baltimore, and Anne Arundel, in Maryland. General John A. Dix in command until June-1, 1862, when General John E. Wool was assigned. All of the Middle Department thus defined is included in the table except the States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
The statistics include the troops employed in General Lockwood's expedition into the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Virginia which set out in November, 1861, but do not include the regiments of the South Carolina expedition under General Sherman, or of the North Carolina expedition under General Burnside during the period of their organization at Annapolis.
2. The Department of the Shenandoah — Table V.
This table embraces the reports from the troops under General Patterson, and subsequently under General Banks on the Upper Potomac and in the Shenandoah Valley. General Shields' Division is included for March and April, 1862; for May and June it is embraced in the Department of the Rappahannock.
The Department of the Shenandoah was created July 19, 1861, by General Orders, No. 46, to consist of the Army under General Robert Patterson in the Valley of Virginia, General N. P. Banks assigned to command. July 25, 1861, the counties of Washington and Alleghany, in Maryland, and such other parts of Virginia as may be covered by the Army in its operations, were added. August 17, 1861, it was merged into the Department of the Potomac, remaining, however, as a separate division still under the command of General Banks. This division is here included. April 4, 1862, the command of General Banks was again designated as the Department of the Shenandoah, which was to consist of that portion of Virginia and Maryland lying between the Mountain Depart- ment and the Blue Ridge. June 8, 1862, the Department was extended eastward to include the Piedmont District and the Bull Mountain range.
The Army under General Patterson crossed the Potomac early in July, 1861, and moved through Martinsburg, returning after a short time to Harper's Ferry, where General Banks
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862. 15
took command. General Banks withdrew the Army to Sandy Hook, on the north side of the Potomac, and ultimately to Darnestown, Maryland, in the vicinity of which he remained till the latter part of November, when he marched northward and wintered with the larger part of his command in the neighborhood of Frederick, Maryland.
Towards the end of February, 1862, he crossed the Potomac into the Shenandoah Valley, where he operated till the close of the fiscal year. The most important conflict during the year was that at Winchester, March 23, 1862.
3. The Army of the Potomac — Table VI.
This table includes the Army in and around Washington up to the latter part of March, 1862, and, subsequently, that portion of it which operated on the Peninsula between the James and York rivers against Richmond.
At the beginning of the fiscal year most of this Army was in Virginia before Washington and was included in the Department of Northeastern Virginia, under the command of General I. McDowell. The District of Columbia, Fort Washington, and Maryland as far as Bladensburg, constituted the Department of Washington, Colonel J. K. F. Mansfield in command. The reports received from both these departments are here included.
August 17, 1861, the Department of the Potomac was created by General Orders, No. 15, Headquarters of the Army, to consist of the Departments of Washington and Northeastern Virginia, the Valley of the Shenandoah, and the States of Maryland and Delaware, General G. B. McClellan in command. Table VI includes all the reports from this Department, with the exception of those embraced, as already explained, in Tables IV and V, under the designations Middle Department and Department of the Shenandoah, which are presented separately, although they were officially united to the Department of the Potomac, the first until March 22, and the second until April 4, 1862. From the first of April, 1862, to the close of the fiscal year, the table embraces only the reports from troops actually upon the Peninsula.
The force here included lay in and around Washington until July 16, 1861, when the advance to Centreville was made which led to the battle of Bull Run, July 21st. Subsequently the Army occupied the vicinity of Washington until the latter part of March, 1862, when that portion which is embraced in the table descended the Potomac on transports and, landing at Fortress Monroe, advanced up the Peninsula, besieging Yorktown from the 5th of April to the 4th of May, and lying along the Chickahominy, which was reached by the advance May 20th, until June 28th, when the movement to Harrison's Landing was commenced.
The chief engagements during the year, besides the battle of Bull Ron and the siege of Yorktown, were the battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 1862, the battles of Fair Oaks and
16 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
Seven Pines, May 31st, and the series of battles usually known as the "Seven-days," beginning June 25th and terminating with the battle of Malvern Hill, July 1st.
4. The Department of the Rappahannock — Table VII.
This Department was created by General Orders, No. 34, April 4, 1862, to consist of that portion of Virginia east of the Blue Ridge and west of the Potomac, and the Fred- ericksburg and Richmond Railroad, including the District of Columbia and the country between the Potomac and Patuxent rivers, General I. McDowell to command.
The table represents the reports received for April, May, and June, 1862, from the troops within the above limits. Fredericksburg was occupied May 4th by a portion of the command, and May 24th a force was sent from that place to act against General Jackson in the Valley of the Shenandoah. This force had an engagement at Port Republic, June 8th and 9th.
5. The Department of Virginia — Table VIII.
Under this head are consolidated all reports received from the Division in the vicinity of Fortress Monroe, Virginia, under General B. F. Butler, until August 17, 1861, and, subsequently, under General J. E. Wool. June 1, 1862, this Division was placed under the command of General McClellan, the Department of Virginia being extended to include that part of Virginia south of the Rappahannock and east of the railroad from Fredericksburg to Richmond, Petersburg and Weldon. In compiling the table, however, for the month of June, only the reports from troops at Fortress Monroe and vicinity are included, the Army of the Potomac being kept separate.
With this Department are consolidated the reports received during 1861 from the expedition to Hatteras Inlet ; subsequently they are embraced in the Department of North Carolina.
6. The Department of North Carolina — Table IX.
The Department of North Carolina was created by General Orders, No. 2, January 7, 1862, to consist of the State of North Carolina; General A. E. Burnside to command. The troops for the North Carolina expedition were assembled at Annapolis, Maryland, during the latter part of 1861. In January, 1862, the expedition proceeded on trans- ports to Roanoke Island, which was occupied after the engagement of February 7th. March 13th the greater part of the expeditionary force landed near Newbern, in the neighborhood of which it remained until the close of the fiscal year, though several other points were occupied by detachments.
The chief engagements, besides that on Roanoke Island, were the battle of Newbern, March 14th, and the siege of Fort Macon, which surrendered April 25th.
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862, 17
7. The Department of ttie Soutii — Table X.
Under this head are included the garrisons at Tortugas and Key West for the whole year, and after the first of October, 1861, the expeditionary force under General T. W. Sherman, which sailed from Fortress Monroe towards the close of October and landed at Hilton Head after the surrender of Forts Beauregard and Walker, November 7th. Several of the neighboring islands and various points on the east coast of Florida were subsequently occupied.
The Department of the South was created by General Orders, No. 26, March 15, 1862, to consist of the States of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, General D. Hunter to command. West Florida, however, has been throughout consolidated with the Depart- ment of the Gulf, although it was not officially connected with it until a later period.
18
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE IV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
Year . . Month.
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
3.
4. 5.
0. 7.
e.
9.
JO. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 1ft 17. 18. 19. 20.
Typhus Fever
Typhoid Fever
Common Continued Fever
Remittent Fever
Quotidian Intermittent Fever . .
Tertian Intermittent Fever
Quartan Intermittent Fever
Congestive Intermittent Fever
Acuto Diarrhoea
Chronic Diarrhoea
Acuto Dysentery
Chronic Dysentery
Erysipelas
Small-pox and Varioloid
Measles
Scarlet Fever
Mumps
Epidemic Catarrh
Debility
Other Diseases of this Order. .
1801.
July.
1,753.
Cases.
1 18
Order IT. — Enthetic Diseases.
21. Syphilis
22. Gonorrhoea
23. Orchitis
24. Stricture of the Urethra
25. Serpent Bite
26. Other Diseases of this Order
14G
1
28
1
Deaths.
August.
SEl'TEMUF.R. Octoukk.
5,020.
Cases. ! Deaths.
IS
22 B
14 15
1
Order in. — Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
28. Delirium Tremens
29. Inebriation
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
18 101 20 40 3 731
31
6, 5(i0.
Cases.
38
3
07
193
37
11,351.
NOVEMllER.
13, 643.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases
527
172
194
18
28
58
5
30. Gout
31. Acute Rheumatism...
32. Chronic Rheumatism.
33. Anemia
34. General Dropsy
17 24
19 1
s
1
187
11
120 38
03
53
6
1
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
37. Other Diseases of this Order .
ORDER U. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption.
39. Scrofula
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES. 40. 'Worms
Carried forward.
33
33 17
1
3
10
35 03
307
1,549
1
DO
17
234
230 97
4
6G8 49
104 3
5
1 11
111
98 152
28
141
120 14
82
82
0
1
1,508
2 12
17 3
2,393
9
58
30
109
223
64
231 3
55
Deaths.
10 7
170
7
17
161
105
171 11
145 70
13
1
15
14
1
1,737
3 10
17
DURING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, I8C2.
19
TABLE IV.
of the Troops in the Middle Department.
|
1801. |
18G2. |
|||||||||||||||
|
December. |
January. |
February. |
March. |
1 April. |
Mat. |
Jine. i Total. |
||||||||||
|
14, 103. |
14,751. |
11,460. |
12, 404. |
11,560. |
4, 679. |
5, 370. |
9, 4d0. |
|||||||||
|
Cases. |
Deaths. |
; Cases. |
Dcatbs. 1 |
Cases. |
1 Deaths |
Cases. |
Deaths |
Cases. |
Deaths |
Cases. |
Deaths |
1 , Cases. |
, Deaths |
Cases. Deaths. |
||
|
1 o 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 |
y Gl 17 39 84 45 |
1 11 |
5 on o 39 74 34 19 4 147 14 IS "" 11 2 83 |
1 3 |
1 16 59 37 47 10 |
1 2 |
1 17 13 75 67 8 |
1 2 |
4 17 25 45 69 46 |
13 0.1 26 61 |
1 |
i 1 39 :i7i; mi , 705 l! 1,164 450 1 09 36 3,610 145 446 |
9 54 4 1 9 1 12 |
|||
|
5 |
8 25 IS 45 no |
o |
||||||||||||||
|
o 186 6 64 4 o 344 |
7 |
4 |
17 101 27 6 1 10 |
1 |
290 14 18 |
1 241 23 19 1 6 1 163 |
1 |
2 59 |
1 |
1 260 8 66 o 7 |
1 |
|||||
|
24 |
||||||||||||||||
|
5 5 26 3 63 30 50 31 69 79 23 1 |
3 |
5 4 o |
1 |
74 22 1,336 4 488 175 J 863 215 913 1,158 129 9 |
||||||||||||
|
70 1 35 |
1 |
8 |
||||||||||||||
|
13 |
213 |
112 29 25 26 95 106 18 2 |
12 |
19 1 o 21 54 107 4 2 |
||||||||||||
|
45 5 126 151 15 1 |
:::::::: |
34 10 107 143 10 1 |
43 30 71 116 10 1 |
9 3 40 33 9 |
||||||||||||
|
1 14 10 |
, |
1 12 28 |
1 |
o 4 25 |
3 7 31 |
8 77 165 |
1 1 |
|||||||||
|
11 24 |
5 7 |
5 1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||
|
44 |
152 30 3 |
137 51 2 1 |
134 88 1 |
171 49 1 2 |
25 23 |
32 12 |
1 |
1 8 |
||||||||
|
575 |
||||||||||||||||
|
3 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 |
13 1 18 59 117 14 11 . |
|||||||||||||||
|
1 4 1 7 |
| |
1 |
||||||||||||||
|
1 16 12 1 1 |
o |
3 3 25 1 4 . |
3 |
3 2 5 3 |
n |
|||||||||||
|
2 10 |
1 |
2 10 1 |
||||||||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||
|
2 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1,327 |
20 |
1,225 |
10 |
944 |
5 |
1,179 |
5 |
1,374 |
12 |
393 |
5 |
760 |
3 |
14,696 |
101 |
20
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE IV.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Continued
|
1801. |
||||||||||
|
JULY. |
AUGUST. |
September. |
OCTOBER. |
November. |
||||||
|
1,753. |
5,629. |
6,500. |
11,351. |
13,643. |
||||||
|
LIST OF DISEASES. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Doaths. |
Coses. |
Deaths. |
Cases. Deaths. |
Coses. |
Deaths. |
|
|
307 |
1,549 |
3 |
1,508 |
8 |
2, 393 13 |
1,737 1 23 |
17 |
|||
|
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervout System. |
1 |
|||||||||
|
3 1 2 8 |
1 |
54 |
34 |
|||||||
|
1 5 |
5 4 |
3 |
7 |
|||||||
|
1 |
2 |
|||||||||
|
1 |
1 |
|||||||||
|
1 42 23 |
1 72 36 3 15 |
24 25 19 1 7 |
1 |
|||||||
|
4 |
25 41 |
|||||||||
|
3 |
22 |
|||||||||
|
Order n.— Diseases of Eye. |
||||||||||
|
1 2 |
||||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||
|
18 |
24 6 8 7 13 |
35 11 |
31 6 1 4 12 |
|||||||
|
Order III. — Disease* of Ear. |
5 |
|||||||||
|
8 ! 15 |
||||||||||
|
1 |
13 |
|||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||
|
6 |
||||||||||
|
Order IV.— Diseases of Organ* of Circulation. |
||||||||||
|
1 1 |
l |
1 |
||||||||
|
' 1 |
||||||||||
|
a |
||||||||||
|
4 1 |
1 |
|||||||||
|
a |
4 4 252 3 370 |
8 7 218 3 411 1 7 |
1 |
|||||||
|
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organ*. |
1 4 |
"3 60 |
||||||||
|
2 |
||||||||||
|
21 |
95 |
132 |
||||||||
|
1 |
1 1 |
1 |
S |
|||||||
|
9 13 32 5 |
1 |
6 27 9 14 |
1 5 |
|||||||
|
1 |
3 7 114 |
6 4 139 |
||||||||
|
ORDER VL — Diteate* of Digestive Organ*. |
||||||||||
|
18 Iff 91 13 |
18 19 155 5 |
27 24 147 16 |
36 61 194 10 |
8 , 45 144 13 |
||||||
|
413 |
2,092 |
5 |
2,281 |
8 |
3,631 |
14 |
2,820 |
25 |
||
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
21
TABLE IV.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Continued.
|
1861. |
1863. |
|||||||||||||||
|
December. |
January. |
Februart. |
March. |
April. |
Mat. |
JrxE. |
Total. |
|||||||||
|
14, 403. |
14, 751. |
11,460. |
12,404. |
11,560. |
4,879. |
5, 370. |
9,480. |
|||||||||
|
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Gates. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
|
|
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 63 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 |
1,327 |
20 |
1,225 |
10 |
944 4 33 |
5 2 |
1,179 |
5 |
1,374 |
12 |
393 |
5 |
760 1 16 |
3 |
14,696 7 376 i 19 *t 2 27 286 222 10 77 |
101 2 5 1 9 1 |
|
57 |
34 2 4 |
1 1 |
67 1 2 |
1 |
46 2 12 |
2 |
9 1 |
|||||||||
|
5 |
4 |
8 1 |
||||||||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 |
3 1 |
1 |
5 |
5 |
7 |
|||||||||||
|
1 17 19 1 8 |
||||||||||||||||
|
19 31 2 3 |
22 14 |
11 10 |
12 5 1 3 |
26 8 2 5 |
11 16 |
|||||||||||
|
4 |
3 |
4 |
||||||||||||||
|
1 2 |
- |
1 1 |
3 13 |
|||||||||||||
|
4 |
2 |
1 |
||||||||||||||
|
45 9 3 3 6 1 2 |
33 1 2 6 8 |
42 4 |
58 7 6 13 5 2 |
36 7 5 2 3 |
15 |
19 5 2 7 6 |
346 48 33 00 88 4 10 |
|||||||||
|
11 1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
5 |
|
|||||||||||||||
|
2 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
5 1 10 |
|||||||||||||
|
3 |
1 |
3 |
||||||||||||||
|
1 |
5 2 4 6 132 207 871 |
3 1 1 5' 146 39 950 |
4 2 3 1 80 S 834 4 5 |
1 |
1 4 4 1 48 17 573 2 3 |
19 9 32 30 1,308 287 4,994 17 36 1 129 234 321 354 1 148 280 1.844 1C6 |
1 2 1 4 23 3 1 |
|||||||||
|
6 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||
|
2 326 6 593 8 2 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||
|
22 6 90 1 7 |
18 1 54 1 3 |
|||||||||||||||
|
S |
2 |
|||||||||||||||
|
2 17 33 |
7 |
11 40 47 4 |
2 |
48 39 33 19 1 |
1 1 |
36 38 73 00 |
3 1 |
14 44 64 26 |
3 9 6 4 |
|||||||
|
3 4 |
7 13 7 |
|||||||||||||||
|
9 81 79 11 |
1 |
3 31 119 17 |
10 14 94 14 |
6 18 106 29 |
13 46 55 16 |
|||||||||||
|
13 105 14 |
2 25 8 |
|||||||||||||||
|
2,620 |
29 |
2,855 |
15 |
2,488 |
9 |
2,606 |
11 |
2,498 |
" |
643 |
5 |
1,100 |
4 |
26,056
|
146 |
22
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE IV.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
|
16 |
Gl. |
|||||||||
|
JULT. |
August. |
September. |
OCTOBEB. |
NOVEMBER. |
||||||
|
1,753. |
5,629. |
6,560. |
11,351. |
13,643. |
||||||
|
LIST OF DISEASES. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Coses. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
|
413 |
2,092 1 5 |
5 1 |
2,281 2 G |
8 |
3,631 3 3 1 |
14 |
2,820 2 7 |
25 1 |
||
|
ORDEB VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued- |
||||||||||
|
4 |
||||||||||
|
1 12 |
2 14 1 |
1 19 2 |
||||||||
|
3 1 |
12 1 2 23 27 1 1 |
|||||||||
|
3 10 |
9 |
7 11 2 2 |
so 3 |
|||||||
|
2 3 |
3 24 |
9 137 |
16 32 |
38 16 |
||||||
|
Obdeb VIL— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs. |
||||||||||
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
|||||||
|
2 4 3 1 |
||||||||||
|
1 4 1 1 3 4 |
8 |
1 1 |
||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||
|
5 10 1 |
5 11 |
2 4 |
||||||||
|
2 |
||||||||||
|
Order VUJ. — Diseases of Bones and Joints. |
||||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||
|
1 1 18 15 2 18 26 15 7 4 |
||||||||||
|
1 4 4 3 13 10 4 33 4 |
||||||||||
|
OBDEB IX. — Diteaua of Integumentary System. |
7 |
17 1 3 8 22 36 15 |
23 16 2 13 29 20 2 5 |
|||||||
|
/ * |
||||||||||
|
5 6 2 |
||||||||||
|
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. |
||||||||||
|
1 33 2 2 22 9 28 5 8 |
||||||||||
|
22 |
19 |
40 2 . |
37 4 9 91 30 5 11 |
1 1 |
||||||
|
8 7 1 |
43 17 24 3 13 9 |
1 |
||||||||
|
6 7 |
||||||||||
|
1 3 |
5 |
1 |
||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||
|
5 16 |
9 |
12 44 |
18 19 |
53 76 |
2 |
|||||
|
2 |
||||||||||
|
510 |
2,296 |
9 |
2,770 |
8 |
4,060 |
16 |
3,353 |
SO |
||
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
23
TABLE IV.— MEDDLE DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
|
1861. |
1862. |
|||||||||||||||
|
December. |
Januaby. |
February. |
March. |
April. |
Mat. |
JUXE. |
Total. |
|||||||||
|
14,403. |
14,751. |
11,460. |
12,404. |
11,560. |
4,879. |
5,370. |
9,480. |
|||||||||
|
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Coses. |
Deaths. |
Coses. |
Deaths. |
|
|
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 135 126 127 198 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 |
2,620 1 11 3 |
29 |
2,855 |
15 |
2,488 |
9 |
2,606 i |
11 |
2,498 3 14 1 |
21 |
643 |
5 |
1,109 3 2 1 |
4 |
2fi,05C IS Kl 8 7 173 23 21 145 81 8 11 |
146 2 1 1 |
|
11 1 1 22 5 2 4 2 |
6 |
14 1 1 27 3 1 88 5 3 4 |
||||||||||||||
|
1 3 1 6 3 4 |
||||||||||||||||
|
17 2 1 19 6 2 |
1 |
13 |
19 6 7 17 4 1 3 |
12 1 1 G 8 |
||||||||||||
|
1 |
1 6 1 |
|||||||||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
82 10 |
115 46 |
111 59 |
168 32 1 6 |
105 29 2 3 |
11 2 |
26 16 |
G86 406 3 30 1 3 17 84 9 4 83 84 4 4 2 13 175 65 46 141 318 255 83 41 6 8 345 34 38 278 141 353 64 79 19 |
1 1 1 1 8 9 1 9 • |
||||||||
|
1 1 |
8 |
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||
|
1 2 1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
2 |
1 |
3 1 3 1 0 1 |
3 1 |
7 3 |
||||||||||||
|
8 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 1 1 1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 2 |
3 14 |
8 3 |
||||||||||||||
|
4 1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
3 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 4 14 8 8 12 S3 30 3 5 1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 17 3 7 13 62 41 9 9 1 1 84 8 7 32 13 34 4 3 |
1 |
3 12 4 6 18 43 33 3 5 9 |
1 |
3 7 3 4 1 15 9 |
||||||||||||
|
40 11 2 24 40 22 3 3 |
6 4 |
10 3 5 2 14 15 |
||||||||||||||
|
20 30 25 6 4 2 |
||||||||||||||||
|
8 |
||||||||||||||||
|
â– 51 5 14 45 17 45 11 10 |
4 |
45 6 1 44 19 32 4 8 6 |
8 |
81 5 |
36 4 2 19 15 30 3 3 |
7 1 |
16 3 |
|||||||||
|
8 13 6 14 3 |
1 |
10 7 5 1 6 1 |
1 |
7 3 10 5 4 |
||||||||||||
|
10 24 |
3 |
11 6 |
5 51 |
15 61 |
84 16 |
1 10 |
15 57 |
1 |
149 |
|||||||
|
3,158 |
37 |
3,356 |
", |
3,022 |
10 |
3,183 |
13 |
2,965 |
21 |
776 |
« |
1,365 |
â– |
**" |
173 |
24
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE V.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of the
Yeah.
Month
Mean Strength
LIST OF DISEASES.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
Order L— Miasmatic Diseases.
1.
2. 3,
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Typhus Fever
Typhoid Fever
Common Continued Fever
Rem it tent Fever
Quotidinn Intermittent Fever. -
Tertian Intermittent Fever
Quartan Intermittent Fever
Congestive Intermittent Fever.
Aouto Diarrhoea
Chronic Diarrhoea
Acute Dysentery
Chronic Dysentery
Erysipelas
Small -pox and Varioloid
Measles
Scarlet Fever
Mumps
1861.
July.
7, 337.
August.
September.
14, 729.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
7 9
20 9
4 4
Epidemio Catarrh
Debility
Other Diseases of this Order. â–
Order IL— Enlhetic Diseases.
21. 8yphBJa
22. Gonorrhoea
23. Orchitis
24. Stricture of the Urethra.
25. Serpent Bite
26. Other Diseases of this Order
Order ITX— Dietic Diseases.
27. 8onrvy.
28. Delirium Tremens.
29. Inebriation
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order L— Diathetic Diseases.
30. Goat
31. Acuto Rheumatism
32. Chronic Rheumatism
33. Awemia
34. General Dropsy
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
37. Other Diseases of this Order.
705 43 71 10 8 1 24
11
15 4
19
23
2
34
Hi
128
187
CI
1
1,573
3
160
13
o
59
1
4
1
84
00
36
69
7
4
15,922.
Cases. Deaths.
00 36
238 534
68
1
1,123
18
128
o
3
1 42
12
76 53
50 66 13
October.
15, 726.
Cases. Deaths.
8 146
31 152 493
166
1 5
558
10
120
3
4 94
29 38
27
44
8
November.
16, 743.
95
55
154
165
238
1 640
1 144
2
7
176 19
34 17
42
48
14
2
Cases. Deaths.
15
21 31
155 70
5
114
116
114
48
Order II.— Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption.
39. Scrofula
3 15
15
1
16 3
11
7
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES. 40. Worms. -'
87
79
9 13
Carried forward..
1,064
2,800
2,793
2,161
17
2,052
24
DUEING THE YEAB ENDING JUNE 30, 18C2.
25
TABLE V.
Troops in the Department of the Shenandoah.
|
1801. |
1863. |
|||||||||||||||
|
December. |
January. |
February. |
March. |
April. |
May. |
June. |
Total. |
|||||||||
|
18,007. |
17,143. |
21,498. |
27,437. |
14, 072. |
9,508. |
14,391. |
16,043. |
|||||||||
|
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
|
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 |
3 45 45 127 147 103 8 3 662 34 272 60 27 |
5 2 1 |
5 40 18 92 117 45 18 1 337 14 38 9 10 |
4 9 1 |
2 31 54 76 100 71 6 |
2 1 |
18 735 361 1,371 2,052 1,074 44 19 7,660 205 1,171 88 146 19 925 3 658 834 585 309 381 552 127 16 |
4 84 4 4 7 1 1 5 1 1 10 7 |
||||||||
|
153 32 153 67 148 |
8 |
39 22 85 80 40 3 |
16 |
52 39 96 88 55 6 6 502 16 111 1 13 2 96 1 133 185 21 15 36 65 10 2 |
10 1 |
27 1 50 65 15 1 1 114 4 7 |
1 1 1 |
|||||||||
|
1 199 15 32 4 32 5 73 1 58 77 72 5 47 46 15 2 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 |
206 2 43 |
1,041 45 45 |
||||||||||||||
|
8 4 143 |
9 |
15 |
||||||||||||||
|
2 |
38 |
13 |
143 |
3 |
94 |
|||||||||||
|
I |
70 204 28 11 30 41 8 1 |
3 |
164 301 55 27 44 31 18 |
108 66 61 31 5 12 9 4 |
58 |
15 |
||||||||||
|
48 17 14 15 2 |
1 |
62 95 41 72 21 1 |
||||||||||||||
|
4 |
3 |
9 3 |
19 15 13 |
1 |
||||||||||||
|
4 3 |
1 |
3 9 |
||||||||||||||
|
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||
|
83 82 3 5 |
79 37 |
116 60 |
195 58 |
118 28 |
52 28 |
121 87 |
1,255 794 6 23 |
|||||||||
|
3 |
3 |
4 |
9 |
1 |
||||||||||||
|
3 4 10 3 6 |
2 |
2 1 8 3 15 |
2 |
S 1 15. 7 |
• 9 14 9 1 |
2 9 4 |
16 68 116 46 34 |
9 |
||||||||
|
2 |
6 3 |
6 5 |
1 |
|||||||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1,443 |
13 |
1,216 |
21 |
1,750 |
13 |
2,511 |
10 |
1,211 |
14 |
686 |
8 |
1,963 |
3 |
91,690 |
130 |
26
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE V.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH— Continued.
|
1801. |
||||||||||
|
July. |
August. |
Seitemdeu. |
OCTOBER. |
November. |
||||||
|
7, |
||||||||||
|
337. |
14, 729. |
15, 922. |
15, 726. |
16, 743. |
||||||
|
LIST OF DISEASES. |
Coses. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. Deaths |
Cases. |
Deaths. 24 |
|
|
1,084 |
1 |
2,800 |
7 |
2,793 1 54 |
8 |
2,161 |
17 |
2,052 1 11 |
||
|
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES. Order I. — Diseases of Nervous System. |
||||||||||
|
3 1 3 1 1 |
39 |
23 |
||||||||
|
1 |
13 4 1 |
6 |
2 j |
11 |
||||||
|
1 |
1 ' |
1 |
||||||||
|
2 9 25 1 o |
2 32 25 4 4 |
2 10 1G 2 7 |
1 12 15 3 1 |
1 |
3 18 16 1 2 |
|||||
|
Order II. — Diseases of Eye. |
||||||||||
|
1 2 |
||||||||||
|
5 |
||||||||||
|
G 1 |
32 7 2 6 3 |
17 3 5 3 4 1 1 |
18 3 3 1 |
25 3 2 1 2 1 |
||||||
|
Order III. — Diseases of Ear. |
||||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||
|
Order IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation. |
||||||||||
|
1 1 5 5 5 4 84 6 131 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
|||||||
|
1 |
5 5 2 3 109 6 196 1 |
3 |
4 1 3 2 153 3 354 2 10 |
|||||||
|
Order V.— Diseases of Respiratory Organs. |
1 13 4 M 1 5 |
4 78 o 1G8 |
||||||||
|
11 |
3 |
|||||||||
|
8 1 2 2 |
12 . 12 . 13 8 . |
1 7 22 3 1 7 35 91 13 2,686 |
||||||||
|
1 |
11 12 5 |
20 . 22 . |
||||||||
|
Order VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs. |
2 . 10 . 43 . 80 . 30 . |
|||||||||
|
28 . 22 73 . 14 . |
28 . 43 . 104 27 . |
12 . 53 . 114 . 15 . |
||||||||
|
1,329 |
2 1 |
3,473 |
8 |
3,477 |
8 |
17 |
2,890 |
> 25 |
||
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, I8C2. TABLE V.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH-Continued.
27
|
1861. |
1863. |
|||||||||||||||
|
December. |
January. |
February. |
March. |
April. |
Mat. |
June. |
Total. |
|||||||||
|
18,007. |
17, 143. |
21, 498. |
27,437. |
14,072. |
9,508. |
14, 391. |
16,043. |
|||||||||
|
Coses. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. 8 |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Dcalhs. |
|
|
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 8G 87 |
1,443 |
13 |
1,216 2 53 1 6 |
21 1 |
1,750 1 42 1 6 |
13 |
2,511 2 29 2 5 |
10 1 3 |
1,211 |
14 |
686 |
1,963 |
3 |
21,690 7 344 7 74 6 9 4 118 857 314 21 40 3 3 12 3 265 55 68 57 80 5 3 1 1 â– 11 3 44 36 68 40 1,484 127 3,940 16 64 |
139 8 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 |
|
|
44 |
19 1 2 |
10 1 7 1 |
1 |
17 |
||||||||||||
|
10 |
3 |
|||||||||||||||
|
1 |
1 1 5 56 39 5 4 |
2 1 100 24 25 1 6 1 |
||||||||||||||
|
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||
|
1 27 33 1 3 1 1 1 |
2 31 83 2 3 |
1 |
||||||||||||||
|
17 20 1 1 1 |
18 5 |
3 13 |
||||||||||||||
|
1 |
5 |
3 |
||||||||||||||
|
2 |
a 3 26 3 5 3 6 8 |
|||||||||||||||
|
27 5 2 25 7 |
23 2 20 6 31 1 |
32 8 19 8 5 |
53 6 1 1 9 |
20 7 4 3 12 |
7 8 5 |
|||||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||
|
1 4 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||
|
1 10 1 4 6 349 89 688 5 13 |
||||||||||||||||
|
2 1 1 4 243 8 323 3 3 |
1 |
3 1 6 3 201 4 371 2 1 |
2 3 1 1 211 33 916 |
1 |
9 2 3 8 31 7 223 1 12 |
1 |
||||||||||
|
1 |
3 61 1 93 19 429 |
1 |
4 8 3 20 16 127 1 1 |
|||||||||||||
|
1 |
4 |
|||||||||||||||
|
8 23 68 17 2 8 53 58 85 |
8 |
1 34 77 44 2 1 17 71 5*1 • |
3 |
3 31 87 |
4 1 |
43 SO 128 4 8 10 84 117 85 |
11 6 |
24 15 50 18 |
1 |
1 18 40 25 1 |
4 |
3 15 11 8 |
103 236 533 134 11 113 307 989 831 |
15 84 |
||
|
1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
3 18 37 8 |
13 34 77 33 |
|||||||||||||||
|
29 128 16 |
3 49 4 |
|||||||||||||||
|
2,476 |
23 |
2,264 |
25 |
3,451 |
SO |
4,168 |
38 |
3,084 |
16 |
1,060 |
13 |
2,701 |
4 |
32,063 |
193 |
28
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP WHITE TROOPS
TABLE V.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH— Concluded.
YEAR
Moyrn
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward
ORDER XI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
88. Inflammation of Bowels
89. Inflammation of Stomach
90. Fistula.
91. Haemorrhage from Stomach
92. Piles -
93. Acute Inflammation of Liver
94. Chronic Inflammation of Liver
95. Hernia
9G. Jaundice
97. Prolapsus Ani
98. Inflammation of Peritonaeum
99. Inflammation of Spleoa
100. Inflammation of Tonsils
101. Other Diseases of this Order
Order VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel
103. Inflammation of Bladder
104. Diabetes
105. Incontinence of Urine
106. Difllculty of Urination
107. Inflammation of Kidneys
108. Hydrocele and Hasmatocele
109. Sarcocclo
1801.
July.
7,337.
Cases. Deaths.
1,329
2 I 1
J-l
3 23
110.
111.
112. 113. 114. 115.
116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122.
123. 121. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136.
Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis
Other Diseases of this Order
Order VIII.— Diseases of Bones and Joints.
Anchylosis
Exostosis
White Swelling
Necrosis
ORDER IX.— Disease* of Integumentary System.
Abscess
Carbuncle
Whitlow
Boil
August.
September.
14, 729.
Cases. Deaths.
3,479
7 3 1
21
17
1
21 10
2
-10 20
Skin Diseasos
Ulcers
Other Diseases of this Order
LASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.
Jl •1 2 2
Burns
Concussion of Brain
Compression of Brain
Contusion
Fracture
Dislocation
Sprain
Incised Wounds
Contused and Lacerated Wounds.
Punctured Wounds
Gunshot Wounds
Poisoning
Suicide
Others of this Class
137. Unclassified Diseases.
Total.
12
3
18
6
4
5 1
1,468
32 19
7 29 15 24
5
2;)
24
24
9
11 5
15,922.
October.
15,726.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
3,477
1 3 3
28 7
21 13
1 1
31 16
25 2
c
30
15 27
30
2,086
19 9
12
11
1
19 3
17
15 66
3,988
28 4
28 2
5 14 10
7 7
11
15
19
3,855
13
16
10 3
16 1
7 96
3,022
November.
16, 743.
Cases. Deaths
28
2,890
11
1 22 94
1
4
38
15 1 2
13
8
19
5
11
3,206
25
27
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
29
TABLE V.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH— Concluded.
|
1861. |
1869. |
|||||||||||||||
|
December. |
Januaet. |
February. |
March. |
Afril. |
Mat. |
June. |
TOTAL. |
|||||||||
|
18,007. |
17,143. |
21,498. |
27,437. |
14,072. |
9,508. |
14,391. |
16,041 |
|||||||||
|
Case*. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. |
Deaths. |
Cases. Deaths. |
|||
|
2,476 |
23 |
2,264 |
25 |
3,451 |
20 |
4,168 |
32 |
2,084 |
16 |
1,060 |
13 |
2,701 |
4 |
32,065 |
193 |
|
|
88 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
5 |
24 |
|||||||||
|
89 |
11 |
3 |
5 |
12 |
1 |
15 |
1 |
19 |
5 |
81 |
2 |
|||||
|
90 1)1 92 |
2 |
2 |
1 1 45 |
1 1 10 |
1 |
13 2 235 |
||||||||||
|
13 |
17 |
31 |
9 |
23 |
||||||||||||
|
W |
2 |
2 |
64 61 |
|||||||||||||
|
94 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
61 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
|||||||
|
95 |
21 |
1 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
9 |
5 |
15 |
210 |
1 |
||||||
|
96 |
4 |
30 |
71 |
108 |
36 |
1 |
11 |
16 |
404 |
1 |
||||||
|
<rr |
3 |
9 18 23 |
||||||||||||||
|
98 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
||||||||||||
|
99 |
6 |
4 |
1 |
7 |
||||||||||||
|
100 |
41 |
92 |
109 |
141 |
1 |
48 |
21 |
34 |
620 |
1 |
||||||
|
101 |
5 |
7 |
8 |
20 |
23 |
8 |
10 |
143 |
||||||||
|
102 |
1 1 |
7 14 |
||||||||||||||
|
103 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
||||||||||||
|
104 105 |
1 2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
9 5 35 23 7 9 15 |
|||||||||||
|
106 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|||||||||||
|
107 |
2 |
4 |
||||||||||||||
|
106 109 110 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 1 0 |
||||||||||||
|
1 4 |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|||||||||||||
|
1U |
1 |
6 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
28 |
|||||||||
|
112 113 114 115 116 |
1 1 |
|||||||||||||||
|
1 21 |
3 90 |
1 15 |
1 4 |
10 221 |
||||||||||||
|
23 |
16 |
15 |
||||||||||||||
|
117 |
11 |
4 |
3 |
5 |
3 |
1 |
5 |
56 |
||||||||
|
118 |
G |
3 |
9 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
47 |
||||||||
|
119 |
10 |
8 |
2 |
13 |
9 |
1 |
20 |
160 |
||||||||
|
120 |
8 |
3 |
13 |